Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)
 	 	
[X] 	Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934	
 	For the Quarterly Period Ended April 3, 2009	

[   ] 	Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934	
Commission File No. 000-25826

HARMONIC INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
 	 	 	
Delaware	 	77-0201147	

 	 	

 	
(State or other jurisdiction of	 	(I.R.S. Employer	
incorporation or organization)	 	Identification Number)	
549 Baltic Way
Sunnyvale, CA 94089
(408) 542-2500

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes       [X]            No       [   ]
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes       [   ]           No       [   ]
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Large accelerated filer: [X]	 	Accelerated filer: [   ]	 	Non-accelerated filer: [   ]	 	Smaller reporting company: [   ]	
 	 	 	 	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	 	 	
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes       [   ]           No       [X]
The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant’s Common Stock, $.001 par value, was 95,659,617 on May 1, 2009.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
PART I	
 	ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)	
 	ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	
 	ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	
 	ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	
PART II	
 	ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	
 	ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS	
 	ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS	
 	ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES	
 	ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS	
 	ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION	
 	ITEM 6. EXHIBITS	
SIGNATURES	
EX-10.36	
EX-10.37	
EX-31.1	
EX-31.2	
EX-32.1	
EX-32.2	

Table of Contents
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
HARMONIC INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(In thousands, except par value amounts)

	 	April 3, 2009

	 	December 31, 2008

	
ASSETS	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents	 	$	110,891	 	 	$	179,891	 	
Short-term investments	 	 	150,943	 	 	 	147,272	 	
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $5,566 and $8,697	 	 	52,698	 	 	 	63,923	 	
Inventories	 	 	38,213	 	 	 	26,875	 	
Deferred income taxes	 	 	36,384	 	 	 	36,384	 	
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	 	 	14,703	 	 	 	15,985	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total current assets	 	 	403,832	 	 	 	470,330	 	
Property and equipment, net	 	 	19,824	 	 	 	15,428	 	
Goodwill	 	 	62,730	 	 	 	41,674	 	
Intangibles, net	 	 	35,283	 	 	 	12,069	 	
Other assets	 	 	18,839	 	 	 	24,862	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total assets	 	$	540,508	 	 	$	564,363	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Current liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts payable	 	$	13,126	 	 	$	13,366	 	
Income taxes payable	 	 	2,365	 	 	 	1,434	 	
Deferred revenue	 	 	27,646	 	 	 	29,909	 	
Accrued liabilities	 	 	45,539	 	 	 	50,490	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total current liabilities	 	 	88,676	 	 	 	95,199	 	
Accrued excess facilities costs, long-term	 	 	3,356	 	 	 	4,953	 	
Income taxes payable, long-term	 	 	40,910	 	 	 	41,555	 	
Other non-current liabilities	 	 	5,614	 	 	 	8,339	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total liabilities	 	 	138,556	 	 	 	150,046	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 15 and 16)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stockholders’ equity:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 5,000 shares authorized; no shares issued	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 150,000 shares authorized; 95,477 and 95,017 shares issued and outstanding	 	 	96	 	 	 	95	 	
Capital in excess of par value	 	 	2,269,525	 	 	 	2,263,236	 	
Accumulated deficit	 	 	(1,867,238	)	 	 	(1,848,394	)	
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	 	 	(431	)	 	 	(620	)	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total stockholders’ equity	 	 	401,952	 	 	 	414,317	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	 	$	540,508	 	 	$	564,363	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HARMONIC INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended

	
(In thousands, except per share data)

	 	April 3, 2009

	 	March 28, 2008

	
Product sales	 	$	59,907	 	 	$	80,149	 	
Service revenue	 	 	7,849	 	 	 	7,128	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Net sales	 	 	67,756	 	 	 	87,277	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Product cost of sales	 	 	38,681	 	 	 	42,117	 	
Service cost of sales	 	 	3,690	 	 	 	2,881	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total cost of sales	 	 	42,371	 	 	 	44,998	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Gross profit	 	 	25,385	 	 	 	42,279	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Operating expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Research and development	 	 	14,496	 	 	 	13,193	 	
Selling, general and administrative	 	 	21,290	 	 	 	17,448	 	
Amortization of intangibles	 	 	389	 	 	 	160	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total operating expenses	 	 	36,175	 	 	 	30,801	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Income (loss) from operations	 	 	(10,790	)	 	 	11,478	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest income, net	 	 	1,358	 	 	 	3,017	 	
Other expense, net	 	 	(494	)	 	 	(214	)	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Income (loss) before income taxes	 	 	(9,926	)	 	 	14,281	 	
Provision for income taxes	 	 	8,917	 	 	 	927	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Net income (loss)	 	$	(18,843	)	 	$	13,354	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Net income (loss) per share:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	 	$	(0.20	)	 	$	0.14	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Diluted	 	$	(0.20	)	 	$	0.14	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Weighted average shares:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic	 	 	95,306	 	 	 	94,052	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Diluted	 	 	95,306	 	 	 	95,212	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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HARMONIC INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended

	
 	 	April 3,	 	March 28,	
(In thousands)

	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Cash flows from operating activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income (loss)	 	$	(18,843	)	 	$	13,354	 	
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating
activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Amortization of intangibles	 	 	1,886	 	 	 	1,625	 	
Depreciation	 	 	1,855	 	 	 	1,729	 	
Stock-based compensation	 	 	2,374	 	 	 	1,520	 	
Net loss on disposal of fixed assets	 	 	37	 	 	 	8	 	
Other non-cash adjustments, net	 	 	626	 	 	 	136	 	
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accounts receivable, net	 	 	17,329	 	 	 	12,424	 	
Inventories	 	 	4,583	 	 	 	1,167	 	
Prepaid expenses and other assets	 	 	9,524	 	 	 	5,191	 	
Accounts payable	 	 	(3,203	)	 	 	(8,897	)	
Deferred revenue	 	 	(3,068	)	 	 	(7,479	)	
Income taxes payable	 	 	153	 	 	 	264	 	
Accrued excess facilities costs	 	 	(1,556	)	 	 	(1,573	)	
Accrued and other liabilities	 	 	(16,423	)	 	 	(7,592	)	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	 	 	(4,726	)	 	 	11,877	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Cash flows from investing activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Purchases of investments	 	 	(60,657	)	 	 	(9,990	)	
Proceeds from maturities and sales of investments	 	 	58,728	 	 	 	53,765	 	
Acquisition of property and equipment	 	 	(1,455	)	 	 	(1,796	)	
Acquisition of Rhozet	 	 	(453	)	 	 	(2,828	)	
Acquisition of Scopus	 	 	(62,397	)	 	 	—	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	 	 	(66,234	)	 	 	39,151	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Cash flows from financing activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net	 	 	2,025	 	 	 	2,395	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Net cash provided by financing activities	 	 	2,025	 	 	 	2,395	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	 	 	(65	)	 	 	(53	)	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	 	 	(69,000	)	 	 	53,370	 	
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	 	 	179,891	 	 	 	129,005	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	 	$	110,891	 	 	$	182,375	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Income tax payments, net	 	$	2,203	 	 	$	686	 	
Non-cash investing and financing activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Issuance of restricted common stock for Rhozet acquisition	 	$	1,870	 	 	$	—	 	
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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HARMONIC INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1: BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Basis of Presentation. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) which Harmonic Inc. (“Harmonic,” the “Company” or “we”) considers necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for the interim periods covered and the consolidated financial condition of the Company at the date of the balance sheets. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2009. The interim results presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2009, or any other future period. The Company’s fiscal quarters are based on 13-week periods, except for the fourth quarter which ends on December 31.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Reclassifications. The Company has reclassified certain prior period balances to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications have no impact on previously reported total assets, total liabilities, stockholders’ equity, results of operations or cash flows.
NOTE 2: RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 141 (revised 2007), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS 141(R)”). SFAS 141(R) uses the fair value definition in SFAS 157, which defines fair value as “the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.” SFAS 141(R) also changes the method of applying the acquisition method in a number of significant aspects. Acquisition costs will generally be expensed as incurred; noncontrolling interests will be valued at fair value at the acquisition date; in-process research and development will be recorded at fair value as an indefinite-lived intangible asset at the acquisition date; restructuring costs associated with a business combination will generally be expensed subsequent to the acquisition date; and changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and income tax uncertainties after the acquisition date generally will affect income tax expense. SFAS 141(R) amends SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes” such that adjustments made to valuation allowances on deferred taxes and acquired tax contingencies associated with acquisitions that closed prior to the effective date of SFAS 141(R) would also apply the provisions of SFAS 141 (R). SFAS 141(R) is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and was adopted by us on January 1, 2009. See Note 3 for disclosures relating to the acquisition of Scopus Video Networks Ltd., or Scopus, which was completed on March 12, 2009.
In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) FAS 157-2, which delayed the effective date of SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, to fiscal years ending after November 15, 2008 for non-financial assets and liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. FSP FAS 157-2 became effective for interim and annual periods beginning after November 15, 2008. The adoption of FSP FAS 157-2 in the first quarter of 2009 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin 51” (“SFAS 160”). SFAS 160 establishes accounting and reporting standards for ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent, the amount of consolidated net
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income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest, changes in a parent’s ownership interest, and the valuation of retained noncontrolling equity investments when a subsidiary is deconsolidated. SFAS 160 also establishes disclosure requirements that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent and the interests of the noncontrolling owners. SFAS 160 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and has been adopted by us in the first quarter of fiscal 2009. The implementation of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities — an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133” (“SFAS 161”). SFAS 161 changes the disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities. Entities are required to provide enhanced disclosures about (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how derivative instruments and related hedge items are accounted for under Statement 133 and its related interpretations, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. The implementation of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
In April 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. 142-3, “Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets”. FSP 142-3 amends the factors an entity should consider in developing renewal or extension assumptions used in determining the useful life of recognized intangible assets under SFAS 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”. This new guidance applies prospectively to intangible assets that are acquired individually or with a group of other assets in business combinations and asset acquisitions. FSP 142-3 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2008. Early adoption was prohibited. The adoption of FSP 142-3 in the first quarter of fiscal 2009 did not have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
In November 2008, the Emerging Issues Task Force issued EITF No. 08-7, “Accounting for Defensive Intangible Assets” (“EITF 08-7”) that clarifies accounting for defensive intangible assets subsequent to initial measurement. EITF 08-7 applies to acquired intangible assets which an entity has no intention of actively using, or intends to discontinue use of, but holds it (locks up) to prevent others from obtaining access to it (i.e., a defensive intangible asset). Under EITF 08-7, the Task Force reached a consensus that an acquired defensive asset should be accounted for as a separate unit of accounting (i.e., an asset separate from other assets of the acquirer); and the useful life assigned to an acquired defensive asset should be based on the period which the asset would diminish in value. EITF 08-7 is effective for defensive intangible assets acquired in fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The adoption of EITF 08-7 in the first quarter of fiscal 2009 did not have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
In April 2009, the FASB issued the following new accounting standards:
 
 	•	 	FASB Staff Position FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1, “Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” (“FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1”). FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1, amends FASB Statement No. 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” to require disclosures about fair value of financial instruments in interim as well as in annual financial statements. This FSP also amends APB Opinion No. 28, “Interim Financial Reporting,” to require those disclosures in all interim financial statements.	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	FASB Staff Position FAS 157-4, “Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly,” (“FSP FAS 157-4”). FSP FAS 157-4 provides guidelines for making fair value measurements more consistent with the principles presented in SFAS 157. FSP FAS 157-4 provides additional authoritative guidance in determining whether a market is active or inactive, and whether a transaction is distressed, and is applicable to all assets and liabilities (i.e. financial and nonfinancial) and will require enhanced disclosures.	
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 	•	 	FASB Staff Position FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2, “Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments,” (“FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2”). FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 provides additional guidance to provide greater clarity about the credit and noncredit component of another-than-temporary impairment event and to more effectively communicate when another-than-temporary impairment event has occurred. This FSP applies to debt securities.	
All three FSPs are effective for interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2009, with early adoption permitted for periods ending after March 15, 2009. Upon implementation at the beginning of the second quarter of 2009, the FSPs are not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 3: SCOPUS ACQUISITION
On March 12, 2009, Harmonic completed the acquisition of 100% of the equity interests of Scopus Video Networks Ltd., or Scopus, a publicly traded company based in Israel. Scopus engages in the development and support of digital video networking products that allow network operators to transmit, process, and manage digital video content. Scopus’ primary products include integrated receivers/decoders (“IRD”), intelligent video gateways (“IVG”), and encoders. In addition, the Company markets multiplexers, network management systems (“NMS”), and other ancillary technology to its customers.
The acquisition of Scopus strengthens Harmonic’s technology and market leadership, particularly in the broadcast contribution and distribution markets. The acquisition extends Harmonic’s diversification strategy, providing it with an expanded international sales force and global customer base, particularly in video broadcast, contribution and distribution markets, as well as complementary video processing technology and expanded research and development capability. In addition, the acquisition provides an assembled workforce, the implicit value of future cost savings as a result of combining entities, and is expected to provide Harmonic with future unidentified new products and technologies, These opportunities were significant factors to the establishment of the purchase price, which exceeded the fair value of Scopus’ net tangible and intangible assets acquired resulting in goodwill of approximately $21.0 million that was recorded in connection with this acquisition.
The purchase price, net of $23.3 million of cash acquired, was $62.4 million, which was paid from existing cash balances. We also incurred a total of $3.4 million of transaction expenses, which were expensed as selling, general and administrative expenses in the first quarter of 2009.
The assets and liabilities of Scopus were recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. We will recognize additional assets or liabilities if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have resulted in the recognition of those assets and liabilities as of that date. The measurement period shall not exceed one year from the acquisition date. Further, any associated restructuring activities will be expensed in future periods and not recorded through purchase accounting as previously done under SFAS 141. Subsequent to the acquisition, we recorded expenses in the period ended April 3, 2009, primarily for excess and obsolete inventories related to product discontinuances and severance costs.
The results of operations of Scopus are included in Harmonic’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations from March 12, 2009, the date of acquisition. The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price based on the fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition:
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(In thousands)

	 	 	 	 	
Cash acquired	 	$	23,316	 	
Investments	 	 	1,899	 	
Accounts receivable (Gross amount due from accounts receivable of $6,789)	 	 	6,120	 	
Inventory	 	 	15,899	 	
Fixed assets	 	 	4,833	 	
Other tangible assets acquired	 	 	2,312	 	
Intangible assets:	 	 	 	 	
Existing technology	 	 	10,100	 	
In-process technology	 	 	2,400	 	
Patents/core technology	 	 	3,500	 	
Customer contracts and related relationships	 	 	4,000	 	
Trade names/trademarks	 	 	2,100	 	
Order backlog	 	 	2,000	 	
Maintenance agreements and related relationships	 	 	1,000	 	
Goodwill	 	 	21,040	 	

 	 	
Total assets acquired	 	 	100,519	 	
Accounts payable	 	 	(2,963	)	
Deferred revenue	 	 	(336	)	
Other accrued liabilities	 	 	(11,507	)	

 	 	
Net assets acquired	 	 	85,713	 	
Less: cash acquired	 	 	(23,316	)	

 	 	
Net purchase price	 	$	62,397	 	

 	 	
The purchase price set forth in the table above was based on the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the March 12, 2009. We used an overall discount rate of 16% to estimate the fair value of the intangible assets acquired, which was derived based on financial metrics of comparable companies operating in Scopus’ industry. In determining the appropriate discount rates to use in valuing each of the individual intangible assets, we adjusted the overall discount rate of 16% giving consideration to the specific risk factors of each asset. The following methods, using SFAS 157 as the framework for measuring fair value, were used to value the identified intangible assets:
 	•	 	The fair value of the existing technology assets acquired were established based on their highest and best used by a market participant using the “Income Approach.” The Income Approach includes an analysis of the markets, cash flows and risks associated with achieving such cash flows to calculate the fair value. As of the acquisition date, Scopus was developing new versions and incremental improvements to its IRD, encoder and IVG products;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	The in-process projects are at a stage of development that require further research and development to determine technical feasibility and commercial viability. The fair value of the in-process technology assets acquired were based on the valuation premise that the assets would be “In-Use” using a discounted cash flow model;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	The fair value of patents/core technology assets acquired were established based on a variation of the Income Approach called the “Profit Allocation Method”. In the Profit Allocation Method, we estimate the value of the patents/core technology by capitalizing the profits saved because Harmonic owns the technology;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	The fair value of the customer contracts and related relationships assets acquired were based on the Income Approach;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	The fair value of the maintenance agreements and related relationships assets acquired were based on the Income Approach;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	The fair value of trade names/trademarks assets acquired were established based on the Profit Allocation Method, and	
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 	•	 	The fair value of backlog acquired was established based on the “Cost Savings Approach.”	
Identified intangible assets are being amortized over the following useful lives:
 	•	 	Existing technology is estimated to have a useful life between three years and five years;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	In-process technology will be amortized upon completion over its projected remaining useful life as assessed on the completion date. The completion of the in-process technology is expected within the next twelve months;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	Patents/core technology are being amortized over their useful life of four years;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	Customer contracts and related relationships are being amortized over their useful life of between four years and five years;	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	Maintenance agreements and related relationships are being amortized over their useful life of four years, and	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	Trade name/trademarks are being amortized over their useful lives of five years; and	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	Order backlog is being amortized over its useful life of six months.	
The existing technology, patents/core technology, customer contracts, maintenance agreements, trade name/trademarks and backlog are being amortized using the straight-line method which reflects the future projected cash flows.
The residual purchase price of $21.0 million has been recorded as goodwill. The goodwill as a result of this acquisition is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. In accordance with SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” goodwill relating to the acquisition of Scopus is not being amortized and will be tested for impairment annually or whenever events indicate that an impairment may have occurred.
The following unaudited pro forma financial information presented below summarizes the combined results of operations as if the merger had been completed on January 1, 2008. The unaudited pro forma financial information for the three months ended March 28, 2008 combines the results for Harmonic for the three months ended March 28, 2008, and the historical results of Scopus for the three months ended March 31, 2008. The unaudited pro forma financial information for the three months ended April 3, 2009 combines the results for Harmonic for the three months ended April 3, 2009 with the results of Scopus through March 12, 2009, the acquisition date. The pro forma financial information is presented for informational purposes only and does not purport to be indicative of what would have occurred had the merger actually been completed on such date or of results which may occur in the future.
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	Three Months Ended	
(In thousands, except per share data)

	 	April 3, 2009

	 	March 28, 2008

	
Net sales	 	$	72,084	 	 	$	103,533	 	
Net loss	 	$	(29,409	)	 	$	(248	)	
Net income (loss) per share — basic	 	$	(0.31	)	 	$	0.00	 	
Net income (loss) per share — diluted	 	$	(0.31	)	 	$	0.00	 	
For the period from March 12, 2009 to April 3, 2009, Scopus products contributed revenues of $1.5 million and a net loss of $8.3 million. Included in the net loss attributable to Scopus for the first quarter of 2009 are excess and obsolete inventories expense of $5.8 million and severance expenses of $1.1 million.
NOTE 4: FAIR VALUE
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (SFAS 157) establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands required disclosure about the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities. SFAS 157 requires the Company to classify and disclose assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as fair value measurements of assets and liabilities in periods subsequent to initial measurement, in a three-tier fair value hierarchy as described below.
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SFAS 157 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value under SFAS 157 must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize use of unobservable inputs. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
 	•	 	Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. The Company primarily uses broker quotes in a non-active market for valuation of its short-term investments.	
 	 	 	 	
 	•	 	Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.	
The Company uses the market approach to measure fair value of its financial assets and liabilities on a recurring basis. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. During the three months ended April 3, 2009, there were no nonrecurring fair value measurements of assets and liabilities subsequent to initial recognition.
In accordance with SFAS 157, the following table represents Harmonic’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of April 3, 2009:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(In thousands)

	 	Level 1

	 	Level 2

	 	Level 3

	 	Total

	
April 3, 2009	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Money market funds	 	$	74,816	 	 	$	¾	 	 	$	¾	 	 	$	74,816	 	
U.S. corporate debt	 	 	¾	 	 	 	68,944	 	 	 	¾	 	 	 	68,944	 	
U.S. and state government agencies	 	 	¾	 	 	 	80,088	 	 	 	¾	 	 	 	80,088	 	
Other debt securities	 	 	¾	 	 	 	1,911	 	 	 	¾	 	 	 	1,911	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
 	 	$	74,816	 	 	$	150,943	 	 	$	¾	 	 	$	225,759	 	
Forward exchange contracts	 	 	¾	 	 	 	5,965	 	 	 	¾	 	 	 	5,965	 	
Buy/sell currency options	 	 	¾	 	 	 	1,000	 	 	 	¾	 	 	 	1,000	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total assets	 	$	74,816	 	 	$	157,908	 	 	$	¾	 	 	$	232,724	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	

(In thousands)

	 	Level 1

	 	Level 2

	 	Level 3

	 	Total

	
December 31, 2008	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Money market funds	 	$	146,065	 	 	$	¾	 	 	$	¾	 	 	$	146,065	 	
U.S. corporate debt	 	 	¾	 	 	 	65,680	 	 	 	¾	 	 	 	65,680	 	
U.S. and state government agencies	 	 	¾	 	 	 	75,859	 	 	 	¾	 	 	 	75,859	 	
Auction rate securities	 	 	¾	 	 	 	¾	 	 	 	10,732	 	 	 	10,732	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
 	 	$	146,065	 	 	$	141,539	 	 	$	10,732	 	 	$	298,336	 	
Forward exchange contracts	 	 	¾	 	 	 	8,724	 	 	 	¾	 	 	 	8,724	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total assets	 	$	146,065	 	 	$	150,263	 	 	$	10,732	 	 	$	307,060	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Our auction rate securities were measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant Level 3 inputs as of December 31, 2008. As of December 31, 2008, we had approximately $10.7 million of auction rate securities, or ARSs, classified as short-term investments and the fair value of these securities approximated cost at the balance sheet date. These ARSs which were invested in preferred securities in closed end funds, all had a credit rating of AA+ or better and the issuers were paying interest at the maximum contractual rate. During the first quarter of 2009, the Company was able to sell $10.7 million of auction rate securities to an investment manager at par, plus accrued interest and dividends.
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The following table summarizes our fair value measurements using significant Level 3 inputs, and changes therein, for the three month periods ended April 3, 2009 and March 28, 2008:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(in thousands)

	 	April 3, 2009

	 	March 28, 2008

	
Balance as of December 31	 	$	10,732	 	 	$	—	 	
Transfers in to (out of) Level 3	 	 	—	 	 	 	34,863	 	
Purchases and sales, net	 	 	(10,732	)	 	 	(8,130	)	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Ending Balance	 	$	—	 	 	$	26,733	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
The following is a summary of available-for-sale securities:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Gross	 	Gross	 	 	
 	 	Amortized	 	Unrealized	 	Unrealized	 	Estimated	
(In thousands)

	 	Cost

	 	Gains

	 	Losses

	 	Fair Value

	
April 3, 2009	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. and state government debt securities	 	$	79,702	 	 	$	429	 	 	$	(43	)	 	$	80,088	 	
Corporate debt securities	 	 	69,196	 	 	 	114	 	 	 	(366	)	 	 	68,944	 	
Other debt securities	 	 	1,911	 	 	 	¾	 	 	 	¾	 	 	 	1,911	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total	 	$	150,809	 	 	$	543	 	 	$	(409	)	 	$	150,943	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
December 31, 2008	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. and state government debt securities	 	$	70,396	 	 	$	476	 	 	$	(12	)	 	$	70,860	 	
Corporate debt securities	 	 	66,360	 	 	 	81	 	 	 	(761	)	 	 	65,680	 	
Other debt securities	 	 	10,732	 	 	 	¾	 	 	 	¾	 	 	 	10,732	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total	 	$	147,488	 	 	$	557	 	 	$	(773	)	 	$	147,272	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Impairment of Investments
We monitor our investment portfolio for impairment on a periodic basis. In the event that the carrying value of an investment exceeds its fair value and the decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded and a new cost basis for the investment is established. In order to determine whether a decline in value is other-than-temporary, we evaluate, among other factors: the duration and extent to which the fair value has been less than the carrying value; our financial condition and business outlook, including key operational and cash flow metrics, current market conditions and future trends in our industry; our relative competitive position within the industry; and our intent and ability to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow any anticipated recovery in fair value.
As of April 3, 2009, there are no individual available-for-sale securities in a material unrealized loss position and the amount of unrealized losses on the total investment balance was insignificant.
NOTE 5: INVENTORIES
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	April 3,	 	December 31,	
(In thousands)

	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Raw materials	 	$	8,893	 	 	$	5,562	 	
Work-in-process	 	 	5,037	 	 	 	1,167	 	
Finished goods	 	 	24,283	 	 	 	20,146	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
 	 	$	38,213	 	 	$	26,875	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
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NOTE 6: GOODWILL AND IDENTIFIED INTANGIBLES
The following is a summary of goodwill and intangible assets as of April 3, 2009 and December 31, 2008:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	April 3, 2009

	 	December 31, 2008

	
 	 	Gross	 	 	 	 	 	Net	 	Gross	 	 	 	 	 	Net	
 	 	Carrying	 	Accumulated	 	Carrying	 	Carrying	 	Accumulated	 	Carrying	
(In Thousands)

	 	Amount

	 	Amortization

	 	Amount

	 	Amount

	 	Amortization

	 	Amount

	
Identified intangibles:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Patents/Existing/Core technology	 	$	62,919	 	 	$	(41,323	)	 	$	21,596	 	 	$	49,307	 	 	$	(39,838	)	 	$	9,469	 	
In-process technology	 	 	2,400	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	2,400	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	
Customer relationships/contracts	 	 	37,895	 	 	 	(32,668	)	 	 	5,227	 	 	 	33,895	 	 	 	(32,550	)	 	 	1,345	 	
Trademark and trade name	 	 	7,346	 	 	 	(4,633	)	 	 	2,713	 	 	 	5,244	 	 	 	(4,559	)	 	 	685	 	
Supply agreement	 	 	3,386	 	 	 	(3,386	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	3,386	 	 	 	(3,386	)	 	 	—	 	
Maintenance agreements	 	 	1,600	 	 	 	(153	)	 	 	1,447	 	 	 	600	 	 	 	(121	)	 	 	479	 	
Software license and intellectual property	 	 	309	 	 	 	(242	)	 	 	67	 	 	 	309	 	 	 	(218	)	 	 	91	 	
Backlog	 	 	2,000	 	 	 	(167	)	 	 	1,833	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Subtotal of identified intangibles	 	 	117,855	 	 	 	(82,572	)	 	 	35,283	 	 	 	92,741	 	 	 	(80,672	)	 	 	12,069	 	
Goodwill	 	 	62,730	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	62,730	 	 	 	41,674	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	41,674	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total goodwill and other intangibles	 	$	180,585	 	 	$	(82,572	)	 	$	98,013	 	 	$	134,415	 	 	$	(80,672	)	 	$	53,743	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended April 3, 2009 are as follows:
 	 	 	 	 	
(In Thousands)

	 	Goodwill

	
Balance as of December 31, 2008	 	$	41,674	 	
Acquisition of Scopus Video Networks	 	 	21,040	 	
Foreign currency translation adjustments	 	 	16	 	

 	 	
Balance as of April 3, 2009	 	$	62,730	 	

 	 	
For the three months ended April 3, 2009, the Company recorded a total of $1.9 million of amortization expense for identified intangibles, of which $1.5 million was included in cost of sales. For the three months ended March 28, 2008, the Company recorded a total of $1.6 million of amortization expense for identified intangibles, of which $1.4 million was included in cost of sales. The estimated future amortization expense of purchased intangible assets with definite lives is as follows:
(In Thousands)
 	    	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Operating	 	 	
Years Ending December 31,

	 	Cost of Sales

	 	Expenses

	 	Total

	
2009 (remaining 9 months)	 	$	6,621	 	 	$	3,456	 	 	$	10,077	 	
2010	 	 	7,497	 	 	 	2,134	 	 	 	9,631	 	
2011	 	 	3,680	 	 	 	2,124	 	 	 	5,804	 	
2012	 	 	2,308	 	 	 	1,932	 	 	 	4,240	 	
2013	 	 	1,302	 	 	 	1,313	 	 	 	2,615	 	
2014 and thereafter	 	 	233	 	 	 	283	 	 	 	516	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total	 	$	21,641	 	 	$	11,242	 	 	$	32,883	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
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NOTE 7: RESTRUCTURING AND EXCESS FACILITIES
In the first quarter of 2009, the Company recorded a total of $7.3 million of expenses related to activities resulting from the Scopus acquisition, including the termination of approximately 65 Scopus employees. A charge of $6.3 million was recorded in cost of sales, consisting of excess and obsolete inventory expense from product discontinuance and severance expenses for terminated Scopus employees. Research and development expenses were $0.6 million for terminated Scopus employees. Selling, general and administrative expenses totaled $0.5 million consisting primarily of severance expenses for terminated Scopus employees. Substantially all of the severance was paid during the three months ended April 3, 2009.
The Company has recorded restructuring and excess facilities charges beginning in 2001 and throughout subsequent years as a result of changing conditions in the use of its facilities in the United States and the United Kingdom, or UK. The initial expenses that had been recorded to selling, general and administrative expense and the related liabilities have been adjusted periodically for changes in sublease income estimates.
As of April 3, 2009, accrued excess facilities cost totaled $9.8 million, of which $6.5 million was included in current accrued liabilities and $3.3 million in other non-current liabilities. The Company incurred cash outlays of $1.6 million during the first three months of 2009 principally for lease payments, property taxes, insurance and other maintenance fees related to vacated facilities. Harmonic expects to pay approximately $4.8 million of excess facility lease costs, net of estimated sublease income, for the remainder of 2009 and to pay the remaining $5.0 million, net of estimated sublease income, over the remaining lease terms through October 2010.
Harmonic reassesses this liability quarterly and adjusts as necessary based on changes in the timing and amounts of expected sublease rental income.
The following table summarizes activity under our U.S. and UK facilities restructuring accrual during the first quarter of 2009:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Excess	 	Campus	 	BTL	 	 	
(In thousands)

	 	Facilities

	 	Consolidation

	 	Closure

	 	Total

	
Balance at December 31, 2008	 	$	7,196	 	 	$	3,860	 	 	$	320	 	 	$	11,376	 	
Provisions/(recoveries)	 	 	—	 	 	 	35	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	35	 	
Cash payments, net of sublease income	 	 	(1,012	)	 	 	(556	)	 	 	(24	)	 	 	(1,592	)	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Balance at April 3, 2009	 	$	6,184	 	 	$	3,339	 	 	$	296	 	 	$	9,819	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
NOTE 8: CREDIT FACILITIES AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Harmonic has a bank line of credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank, which provides for borrowings of up to $10.0 million that matures on March 3, 2010. As of April 3, 2009, other than standby letters of credit and guarantees (Note 15), there were no amounts outstanding under the line of credit facility and there were no borrowings in 2008 or 2009. This facility, which was amended and restated in March 2009, contains a financial covenant with the requirement for Harmonic to maintain cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, net of credit extensions, of not less than $40.0 million. If Harmonic is unable to maintain this cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments balance, Harmonic would be in noncompliance with the facility. In the event of noncompliance by Harmonic with the covenant under the facility, Silicon Valley Bank would be entitled to exercise its remedies under the facility which include declaring all obligations immediately due and payable. At April 3, 2009, Harmonic was in compliance with the covenants under this line of credit facility. Future borrowings pursuant to the line would bear interest at the bank’s prime rate (4.0% at April 3, 2009). Borrowings are payable monthly and are not collateralized.
NOTE 9: BENEFIT PLANS
Stock Option Plans. Harmonic has reserved 17,429,000 shares of Common Stock for issuance under various employee stock option plans. Stock options are granted for periods not exceeding ten years and generally vest 25% at one year from date of grant, and an additional 1/48 per month thereafter. Restricted stock units generally have no exercise price and vest over four years with 25% vesting at one year from date of grant or the vesting commencement date chosen for the award, and either an additional 1/16 per quarter thereafter, or 1/8 semiannually
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thereafter. Stock options are granted having exercise prices equal to the fair market value of the stock at the date of grant. Beginning on February 27, 2006, option grants have a term of seven years. Certain option awards provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control. In the first quarter of 2009, employees received restricted stock units valued at $6.6 million, which will begin vesting on February 15, 2010.
Director Option Plans. In May 2002, Harmonic’s stockholders approved the 2002 Director Option Plan (the “Plan”), replacing the 1995 Director Option Plan. In June 2006, Harmonic’s stockholders approved an amendment to the Plan and increased the maximum number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance over the term of the Plan by an additional 300,000 shares to 700,000 shares and reduced the term of future options granted under the Plan to seven years. In May 2008, Harmonic stockholders approved amendments to the Plan and increased the maximum number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance by an additional 100,000 to 800,000 shares. Harmonic had a total of 667,000 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Plan as of April 3, 2009. The Plan provides for the grant of non-statutory stock options or restricted stock units to certain non-employee directors of Harmonic. Restricted stock units, or RSUs, generally have no exercise price and vest either after one year or the vesting commencement date chosen for such award. Restricted stock units granted reduce the number of shares reserved for grant under the Plan by two shares for every unit granted. Stock options are granted at fair market value of the stock at the date of grant for periods not exceeding ten years. Initial option grants generally vest monthly over three years, and subsequent grants generally vest monthly over one year. In the third quarter of 2008, each non-employee director received restricted stock units valued at $80,000 on July 31, 2008, which will vest on May 15, 2009. During 2008 there were a total of 71,833 restricted stock units granted.
The following table summarizes activity under the Plans:

 	 	Shares Available	 	Stock Options	 	Weighted Average	 	RSUs	
(In thousands except exercise price)

	 	for Grant

	 	Outstanding

	 	Exercise Price

	 	Outstanding

	
Balance at December 31, 2008	 	 	7,312	 	 	 	10,798	 	 	$	10.50	 	 	 	72	 	
Restricted stock units granted	 	 	(1,165	)	 	 	—	 	 	 	—	 	 	 	1,165	 	
Options granted	 	 	(778	)	 	 	778	 	 	 	5.63	 	 	 	—	 	
Options exercised	 	 	—	 	 	 	(29	)	 	 	4.14	 	 	 	—	 	
Options canceled	 	 	351	 	 	 	(351	)	 	 	11.44	 	 	 	—	 	
Options expired	 	 	—	 	 	 	(57	)	 	 	24.58	 	 	 	—	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Balance at April 3, 2009	 	 	5,720	 	 	 	11,139	 	 	$	10.07	 	 	 	1,237	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Options and RSUs vested and exercisable as of April 3, 2009	 	 	 	 	 	 	6,667	 	 	$	11.70	 	 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	
Options and RSUs vested and expected-to-vest as of April 3, 2009	 	 	 	 	 	 	10,944	 	 	$	10.12	 	 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	
The weighted-average fair value of options granted for the three months ended April 3, 2009 was $2.85. The weighted-average fair value of restricted stock units granted for the three months ended April 3, 2009 was $5.67.
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The following table summarizes information regarding stock options outstanding at April 3, 2009:
 	 	 	 	 	    	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	    	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Stock Options Outstanding

	 	Stock Options Exercisable

	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Weighted-	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Average	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Number	 	Remaining	 	 	 	 	 	Number	 	Weighted	
Range of Exercise	 	Outstanding at	 	Contractual Life	 	Weighted-Average	 	Exercisable at	 	Average	
Prices

	 	April 3, 2009

	 	(Years)

	 	Exercise Price

	 	April 3, 2009

	 	Exercise Price

	
(In thousands, except exercise price and life)	
$	 	0.19 -- 5.63	 	 	 	1,501	 	 	 	5.7	 	 	$	4.72	 	 	 	638	 	 	$	3.71	 	
 	 	5.66 -- 7.63	 	 	 	1,846	 	 	 	4.5	 	 	 	6.06	 	 	 	1,459	 	 	 	5.97	 	
 	 	7.67 -- 8.17	 	 	 	2,627	 	 	 	6.0	 	 	 	8.16	 	 	 	690	 	 	 	8.15	 	
 	 	8.20 -- 8.95	 	 	 	2,427	 	 	 	4.8	 	 	 	8.40	 	 	 	1,394	 	 	 	8.46	 	
 	 	8.97 -- 11.53	 	 	 	1,717	 	 	 	3.1	 	 	 	9.85	 	 	 	1,465	 	 	 	9.78	 	
 	11.60 -- 24.69	 	 	 	573	 	 	 	1.5	 	 	 	22.27	 	 	 	573	 	 	 	22.27	 	
 	25.50 -- 121.68	 	 	 	448	 	 	 	0.7	 	 	 	50.00	 	 	 	448	 	 	 	50.00	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	11,139	 	 	 	4.6	 	 	$	10.07	 	 	 	6,667	 	 	$	11.70	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	
The weighted-average remaining contractual life for all exercisable stock options at April 3, 2009 was 3.7 years. The weighted-average remaining contractual life of all vested and expected-to-vest stock options at April 3, 2009 was 4.5 years.
Aggregate pre-tax intrinsic value of options exercisable at April 3, 2009 was $3.5 million. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options vested and expected-to-vest net of estimated forfeitures was $5.0 million at April 3, 2009. The aggregate intrinsic value of restricted stock units vested and expected-to-vest, net of estimated forfeitures, was $7.9 million at April 3, 2009. Aggregate pre-tax intrinsic value represents the difference between our closing price on the last trading day of the fiscal period, which was $6.94 as of April 3, 2009, and the exercise price multiplied by the number of options outstanding or exercisable. The intrinsic value of exercised stock options is calculated based on the difference between the exercise price and the current market value at the time of exercise. The aggregate intrinsic value of exercised stock options was insignificant during the three months ended April 3, 2009.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan. In May 2002, Harmonic’s stockholders approved the 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2002 Purchase Plan”) replacing the 1995 Employee Stock Purchase Plan effective for the offering period beginning on July 1, 2002. In May 2004, Harmonic’s stockholders approved an amendment to the 2002 Purchase Plan and increased the maximum number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance over the term of the 2002 Purchase Plan by an additional 2,000,000 shares. In June 2006, Harmonic’s stockholders approved an amendment to the 2002 Purchase Plan to increase the maximum number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2002 Purchase Plan by an additional 2,000,000 shares to 5,500,000 shares and reduce the term of future offering periods to six months, which became effective for the offering period beginning January 1, 2007. The 2002 Purchase Plan enables employees to purchase shares at 85% of the fair market value of the Common Stock at the beginning or end of the offering period, whichever is lower. Offering periods generally begin on the first trading day on or after January 1 and July 1 of each year. The 2002 Purchase Plan is intended to qualify as an “employee stock purchase plan” under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. During the first three months of 2009 and 2008, the number of shares of stock issued under the purchase plan were 352,071 and 229,808 shares at weighted average prices of $5.41 and $7.58, respectively. The weighted-average fair value of each right to purchase shares of common stock granted under the purchase plan was $2.26 and $2.65 for the first three months of 2009 and 2008, respectively. At April 3, 2009, there were 993,008 shares reserved for future issuances under the 2002 Purchase Plan.
Retirement/Savings Plan. Harmonic has a retirement/savings plan which qualifies as a thrift plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. This plan allows participants to contribute up to 20% of total compensation, subject to applicable Internal Revenue Service limitations. Harmonic can make discretionary contributions to the plan of 25% of the first 4% contributed by eligible participants up to a maximum contribution per participant of $1,000 per year. This employer contribution was suspended during the first quarter of 2009.
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Stock-based Compensation
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation costs in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended April 3, 2009 and March 28, 2008:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended

	
 	 	April 3,	 	March 28,	
(In Thousands)

	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Employee stock-based compensation in:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cost of sales	 	$	338	 	 	$	228	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Research and development expense	 	 	870	 	 	 	553	 	
Selling, general and administrative expense	 	 	1,166	 	 	 	739	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total employee stock-based compensation in operating expense	 	 	2,036	 	 	 	1,292	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total employee stock-based compensation	 	 	2,374	 	 	 	1,520	 	
Amount capitalized as inventory	 	 	22	 	 	 	2	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total stock-based compensation	 	$	2,396	 	 	$	1,522	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes single option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Employee Stock Options

	 	Employee Stock Purchase Plan

	
 	 	2009

	 	2008

	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Expected life (years)	 	 	4.7	 	 	 	4.7	 	 	 	0.5	 	 	 	0.5	 	
Volatility	 	 	60	%	 	 	54	%	 	 	74	%	 	 	47	%	
Risk-free interest rate	 	 	1.7	%	 	 	2.5	%	 	 	0.6	%	 	 	2.5	%	
Dividend yield	 	 	0.0	%	 	 	0.0	%	 	 	0.0	%	 	 	0.0	%	
The expected term for stock options and the 2002 Purchase Plan represents the weighted-average period that the stock options are expected to remain outstanding. Our computation of expected life was determined based on historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the stock-based awards, vesting schedules and expectations of future employee behavior.
We use the historical volatility over the expected term of the options and the 2002 Purchase Plan offering period to estimate the expected volatility. We believe that the historical volatility, at this time, represents fairly the future volatility of our common stock. We will continue to monitor relevant information to measure expected volatility for future option grants and 2002 Purchase Plan offering periods.
The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates appropriate for the term of our employee stock options. The dividend yield assumption is based on our history and expectation of dividend payouts.
NOTE 10: INCOME TAXES
The income tax provision includes U.S. federal, state and local, and foreign income taxes and is based on the application of a forecasted annual income tax rate applied to the current quarter’s year-to-date pre-tax income (loss). In determining the estimated annual effective income tax rate, the Company analyzes various factors, including projections of the Company’s annual earnings, taxing jurisdiction, in which the earnings will be generated, the impact of state and local income taxes, the Company’s ability to use tax credits and net operating loss carryforwards, and available tax planning alternatives. Discrete items, including the effect of changes in tax laws, tax rates, and certain circumstances with respect to valuation allowances or other unusual or non-recurring tax adjustments are reflected in the period in which they occur as an addition to, or reduction from, the income tax provision, rather than included in the estimated effective annual income tax rate.
For the three months ended April 3, 2009, our effective tax rate, which includes discrete items, was (89.8%) compared to 6.5% for the same period a year ago. The difference between our effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate of
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35% was primarily attributable to the differential in foreign tax rates, non deductible SFAS 123(R) stock compensation expense, non-deductible acquisition costs, income tax credits, and various discrete items. The discrete items recorded in the current period increased the effective tax rate for the quarter by approximately 60%, which was principally related to new California tax legislation net of a reversal of previously provided foreign income tax due to statute of limitation expirations.
On February 20, 2009, California enacted new legislation, which (among other things) provides for the election of a single factor apportionment formula beginning in 2011. As a result of our anticipated election of the single sales factor, we are required under SFAS 109 to compute our deferred taxes taking into account the reversal pattern and the expected California tax rate under the elective single sales factor. The impact of the new legislation results in a change to the state effective tax rate used to compute the Company’s California deferred tax asset resulting in a corresponding reduction to the amount of previously recorded California deferred tax asset. In addition, we recorded a valuation allowance on a portion of certain California tax attributes that will not be realizable in the foreseeable future given the expected decrease in the amount of income that will be allocated to California under the single factor apportionment formula. The tax impact of the California re-measurement of the deferred taxes and the related valuation allowance has been recorded as a discrete item in the first quarter of fiscal year 2009.
In compliance with FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes — an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (FIN 48”), the Company had gross unrecognized tax benefits, which include interest and penalties of approximately $50.5 million as of December 31, 2008, and approximately $49.9 million as of April 3, 2009. If all of these unrecognized tax benefits were recognized, the entire amount would impact the provision for income taxes. We anticipate the unrecognized tax benefits to decrease by $2.5 million in the next 12 months due to statute of limitation expirations.
We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. During the quarter ended April 3, 2009, we recorded $0.2 million for interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions resulting in a balance at April 3, 2009 of $3.9 million.
The tax years 2001- 2008 remain open to examination by various federal, state and foreign taxing jurisdictions to which we are subject.
NOTE 11: NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders for the period by the weighted average number of the common shares outstanding during the period. The diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share for the three months ended April 3, 2009 because potential common shares, such as common shares issuable under the exercise of stock options or the employee stock purchase plan, are only considered when their effect would be dilutive.
The following table shows the potentially dilutive shares, consisting of options, restricted stock units and ESPP shares, for the periods presented that were excluded from the net income (loss) computations because their effect was antidilutive:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended

	
 	 	April 3,	 	March 28,	
(In thousands)	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Potentially dilutive equity awards outstanding	 	 	12,958	 	 	 	5,935	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
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Following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted net income (loss) per share computations:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended

	
 	 	April 3,	 	March 28,	
(In thousands, except per share data)

	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Net income (loss) (numerator)	 	$	(18,843	)	 	$	13,354	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Shares calculation (denominator):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Weighted average shares outstanding — basic	 	 	95,306	 	 	 	94,052	 	
Effect of dilutive securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Future issued common stock related to acquisitions	 	 	—	 	 	 	201	 	
Potential common stock relating to equity awards outstanding	 	 	—	 	 	 	959	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Average shares outstanding — diluted	 	 	95,306	 	 	 	95,212	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Net income (loss) per share — basic	 	$	(0.20	)	 	$	0.14	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Net income (loss) per share — diluted	 	$	(0.20	)	 	$	0.14	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
NOTE 12: COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
The Company’s total comprehensive income (loss) was as follows:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended

	
 	 	April 3,	 	March 28,	
(In thousands)

	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Net income (loss)	 	$	(18,843	)	 	$	13,354	 	
Change in unrealized gain on investments, net	 	 	336	 	 	 	106	 	
Foreign currency translation	 	 	(147	)	 	 	171	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total comprehensive income (loss)	 	$	(18,654	)	 	$	13,631	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
NOTE 13: SEGMENT INFORMATION
We operate our business in one reportable segment, which is the design, manufacture and sales of products and systems that enable network operators to efficiently deliver broadcast and on-demand video services that include digital audio, video-on-demand and high definition television as well as high-speed internet access and telephony. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities for which separate financial information is available and evaluated by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assessing performance. Our chief operating decision maker is our Chief Executive Officer.
Our revenue by type is summarized as follows:
Revenue Information:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended

	
 	 	April 3,	 	March 28,	
(In thousands)

	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Revenue by type:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Video processing	 	$	30,521	 	 	$	34,785	 	
Edge and access	 	 	23,553	 	 	 	39,665	 	
Service and support	 	 	7,849	 	 	 	7,128	 	
Software and other	 	 	5,833	 	 	 	5,699	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total	 	$	67,756	 	 	$	87,277	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
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Our revenue by geographic region, based on the location at which each sale originates, and our property and equipment, net by geographic region is summarized as follows:
Geographic Information:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended

	
 	 	April 3,	 	March 28,	
(In thousands)

	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Net sales:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
United States	 	$	32,118	 	 	$	53,593	 	
Japan	 	 	7,818	 	 	 	1,309	 	
International	 	 	27,820	 	 	 	32,375	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total	 	$	67,756	 	 	$	87,277	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Property and equipment:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
United States	 	$	11,481	 	 	$	11,729	 	
International	 	 	8,343	 	 	 	2,412	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total	 	$	19,824	 	 	$	14,141	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Major Customers. In the first quarter of 2009, sales to Comcast accounted for 16% of net sales. In the first quarter of 2008, sales to EchoStar and Comcast accounted for 21% and 17% of net sales, respectively.
NOTE 14: RELATED PARTY
A director of Harmonic is also a director of JDS Uniphase Corporation, from whom the Company purchases products used in the manufacture of our products. Product purchases from JDS Uniphase were approximately $0.1 million for the three months ended April 3, 2009, respectively. As of April 3, 2009, Harmonic liabilities to JDS Uniphase were insignificant.
NOTE 15: GUARANTEES
Warranties. The Company accrues for estimated warranty costs at the time of product shipment. Management periodically reviews the estimated fair value of its warranty liability and records adjustments based on the terms of warranties provided to customers, historical and anticipated warranty claims experience, and estimates of the timing and cost of specified warranty claims. Activity for the Company’s warranty accrual, which is included in accrued liabilities, is summarized below:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended

	
 	 	April 3,	 	March 28,	
(In thousands)

	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Balance at beginning of the period	 	$	5,360	 	 	$	5,786	 	
Scopus acquisition	 	 	2,379	 	 	 	—	 	
Accrual for current period warranties	 	 	633	 	 	 	1,078	 	
Warranty costs incurred	 	 	(1,453	)	 	 	(1,242	)	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Balance at end of the period	 	$	6,919	 	 	$	5,622	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Standby Letters of Credit. As of April 3, 2009, the Company’s financial guarantees consisted of standby letters of credit outstanding, which were principally related to performance bonds and state requirements imposed on employers. The maximum amount of potential future payments under these arrangements was $0.5 million.
Indemnification. Harmonic is obligated to indemnify its officers and the members of its Board of Directors pursuant to its bylaws and contractual indemnity agreements. Harmonic also indemnifies some of its suppliers and customers for specified intellectual property matters pursuant to certain contractual arrangements, subject to certain limitations. The scope of these indemnities varies, but in some instances, includes indemnification for damages and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees). There have been no claims against us for indemnification pursuant to any of these arrangements and, accordingly, no amounts have been accrued in respect of the indemnification provisions through April 3, 2009.
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Guarantees. As of April 3, 2009, Harmonic had no other guarantees outstanding.
NOTE 16: LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On May 15, 2003, a derivative action purporting to be on our behalf was filed in the Superior Court for the County of Santa Clara against certain current and former officers and directors. It alleges facts similar to those alleged in the securities class action filed in 2000 and settled in 2008. On December 23, 2008, the Court granted preliminary approval to a settlement of the derivative action. On February 26, 2009, the settlement was submitted to the Court for final approval. The terms of the settlement require final approval of the settlement in the securities action, which has occurred, and payment by the Company of $550,000 to cover plaintiff’s attorneys’ fees. On March 20, 2009, the Court granted final approval, which released Harmonic’s officers and directors from all claims brought in the derivative lawsuit and the Company paid $550,000 for the plaintiff’s attorneys’ fees.
On July 3, 2003, Stanford University and Litton Systems filed a complaint in U.S. District Court for the Central District of California alleging that optical fiber amplifiers incorporated into certain of Harmonic’s products infringe U.S. Patent No. 4859016. This patent expired in September 2003. The complaint sought injunctive relief, royalties and damages. On August 6, 2007, the District Court granted our motion to dismiss. The plaintiffs appealed this motion and on June 19, 2008 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit issued a decision which vacated the District Court’s decision and remanded for further proceedings. At a scheduling conference on September 6, 2008, the judge ordered the parties to mediation. Two mediation sessions were held in November and December 2008. Following the mediation sessions, Harmonic and Litton entered into a settlement agreement on January 15, 2009. The settlement agreement provides that in exchange for a one-time lump sum payment from Harmonic to Litton of $5 million, Litton (i) will not bring suit against Harmonic, any of its affiliates, customers, vendors, representatives, distributors, and its contract manufacturers from having any liability for making, using, offering for sale, importing, and/or selling any Harmonic products that may have incorporated technology that was alleged to have infringed on one or more of the relevant patents and (ii) would release Harmonic from any liability for making, using or selling any Harmonic products that may have infringed on such patents. The Company recorded a provision of $5.0 million in its selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2008. Harmonic paid the settlement amount in January 2009.
An unfavorable outcome on any other litigation matter could require that Harmonic pay substantial damages, or, in connection with any intellectual property infringement claims, could require that we pay ongoing royalty payments or could prevent us from selling certain of our products. A settlement or an unfavorable outcome on any other litigation matter could have a material adverse effect on Harmonic’s business, operating results, financial position or cash flows.
Harmonic may be subject to claims arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management the amount of ultimate liability with respect to these matters in the aggregate will not have a material adverse effect on the Company or its operating results, financial position or cash flows.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including statements related to:
•	 	Our expectation that customer concentration will continue for the foreseeable future;	

•	 	Our expectation that international sales will continue to account for a significant portion of our net sales for the foreseeable future;	

•	 	Our belief that adverse economic conditions and tight credit markets may reduce capital spending by our customers, which could have a material and adverse affect on sales of our products and services, and our operating results;	

•	 	Our expectation that we will record a total of approximately $6.6 million in amortization of intangibles in cost of sales in the remaining nine months of 2009;	

•	 	Our expectation that we will record a total of approximately $3.5 million in amortization of intangibles in operating expenses in the remaining nine months of 2009;	

•	 	Our expectation that our capital expenditures will be in the range of $7 million to $8 million during 2009;	

•	 	Our expectations regarding the benefits of the Scopus acquisition;	

•	 	Our expectations regarding tax rates in foreign jurisdictions as compared to U.S. tax rates and regarding the impact of California tax laws;	

•	 	Our belief that our existing liquidity sources, including our bank line of credit facility, will satisfy our requirements for at least the next twelve months;	

•	 	Our belief that near-term changes in exchange rates will not have a material impact on our operating results, financial position and liquidity;	

•	 	Our expectation that sales to cable television, satellite, broadcast and telecommunications operators will constitute a significant portion of net sales for the foreseeable future;	

•	 	Our expectation that we will make acquisitions in the future;	

•	 	Our expectation that our operations will be affected by new environmental laws and regulations on an ongoing basis;	

•	 	Our expectation that an increasing percentage of our consolidated, pre-tax income will be derived from and reinvested in our international operations and our expectations regarding the associated tax rates;	

•	 	Our expectation that any ultimate liability of Harmonic with respect to certain litigation arising in the normal course of business will not, in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on us or our operating results, financial position or cash flows; and	

•	 	Our expectation that operating results are likely to fluctuate in the future.	
These statements involve risks and uncertainties as well as assumptions that, if they were to never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected, expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include those set forth under “Risk Factors” below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and that are otherwise described from time to time in Harmonic’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Overview
Harmonic designs, manufactures and sells versatile and high performance video products and system solutions that enable service providers to efficiently deliver the next generation of broadcast and on-demand services, including high-definition television, or HDTV, video-on-demand, or VOD, network personal video recording and time-shifted TV. Historically, the majority of our sales have been derived from sales of video processing solutions and edge and access systems to cable television operators and from sales of video processing solutions to direct-to-home satellite operators. We also provide our video processing solutions to telecommunications companies, or telcos, broadcasters and Internet companies that offer video services to their customers.
On March 12, 2009, Harmonic completed the acquisition of Scopus Video Networks Ltd., or Scopus, a publicly traded company based in Israel. The purchase price, net of $23.3 million of cash acquired, was $62.4 million, which was paid from existing cash balances. Scopus engages in the development and support of digital video networking products that allow network operators to transmit, process, and manage digital video content. Scopus’ primary
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products include integrated receivers/decoders (“IRD”), intelligent video gateways (“IVG”), and encoders. In addition, the Company markets multiplexers, network management systems (“NMS”), and other ancillary technology to its customers. The acquisition of Scopus strengthens Harmonic’s technology and market leadership, particularly in the broadcast contribution and distribution markets. The acquisition extends Harmonic’s diversification strategy, providing it with an expanded international sales force and global customer base, particularly in video broadcast, contribution and distribution markets, as well as complementary video processing technology and expanded research and development capability. Results of operations for the Scopus acquisition are reflected in the accompanying Harmonic financial data from the effective date of the acquisition, which was March 12, 2009. Sales of Scopus product are primarily reported within the video processing product line.
In the first quarter of 2009, Harmonic’s net sales of $67.8 million decreased 22% compared to the first quarter of 2008. The decrease in sales in the first quarter of 2009 compared to the corresponding period in 2008 was primarily due to weaker demand from our domestic satellite and worldwide cable customers for products and solutions related to VOD and HDTV. Gross margins decreased in the first quarter of 2009 compared to the corresponding period in 2008 due to lower sales volumes and, in addition, from provisions for excess and obsolete inventory resulting from the discontinuance of certain Scopus products and employee severance costs.
Historically, a majority of our net sales have been to relatively few customers. Due in part to the consolidation of ownership of cable television and direct broadcast satellite systems we expect this customer concentration to continue for the foreseeable future. In the first quarter of 2009, sales to Comcast accounted for 16% of net sales. In the first quarter of 2008, sales to EchoStar and Comcast accounted for 21% and 17% of net sales, respectively.
Sales to customers outside of the U.S. in the first quarter of 2009 represented 53% of net sales, compared to 39% for the comparable period in 2008. A significant portion of international sales are made to distributors and system integrators, which are generally responsible for importing the products and providing installation and technical support and service to customers within their territory. Sales denominated in foreign currencies were approximately 5% in the first three months of 2009 compared to 3% for the comparable period of 2008. We expect international sales to continue to account for a significant portion of our net sales for the foreseeable future.
Harmonic often recognizes a significant portion, or the majority, of its revenues in the last month of the quarter. Harmonic establishes its expenditure levels for product development and other operating expenses based on projected sales levels, and expenses are relatively fixed in the short term. Accordingly, variations in timing of sales can cause significant fluctuations in operating results. Harmonic’s expenses for any given quarter are typically based on expected sales and if sales are below expectations, our operating results may be adversely impacted by our inability to adjust spending to compensate for the shortfall. In addition, because a significant portion of Harmonic’s business is derived from orders placed by a limited number of large customers, the timing of such orders can also cause significant fluctuations in our operating results.
Adverse economic conditions in markets in which we operate and into which we sell our products can harm our business. Recently, economic conditions in the countries in which we operate and sell products have become increasingly negative, and global financial markets have experienced a severe downturn stemming from a multitude of factors, including adverse credit conditions impacted by the subprime-mortgage crisis, slower economic activity, concerns about inflation and deflation, increased energy costs, decreased consumer confidence, rapid changes in foreign exchange rates, reduced corporate profits and capital spending, adverse business conditions and liquidity concerns and other factors. Economic growth in the U.S. and in many other countries slowed in the fourth quarter of 2007, remained slow during 2008 and the first quarter of 2009, and is expected to continue to be slow for the remainder of 2009 and perhaps longer in the U.S. and internationally. During challenging economic times, and in tight credit markets, many customers may delay or reduce capital expenditures. This could result in reductions in sales of our products, longer sales cycles, difficulties in collection of accounts receivable, excess and obsolete inventory, gross margin deterioration, slower adoption of new technologies, increased price competition and supplier difficulties. For example, we believe that the recent global economic slowdown caused certain customers to reduce or delay capital spending plans in the fourth quarter of 2008 and particularly in the first quarter of 2009, and we expect that these conditions could persist well throughout 2009. In addition, during challenging economic times, we are likely to experience increased price-based competition from our competitors, which may result in our losing sales or force us to reduce the prices of our products, which would reduce our revenues and could adversely affect our gross margin.
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On July 31, 2007, Harmonic completed its acquisition of Rhozet Corporation, pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, or Rhozet Agreement, dated July 25, 2007. Under the Rhozet Agreement, Harmonic paid or would pay an aggregate of approximately $15.5 million in total merger consideration, comprised of approximately $2.5 million in cash, 1,105,656 shares of Harmonic’s common stock in exchange for all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of Rhozet, and approximately $2.8 million of cash which was paid in the first quarter of 2008, as provided in the Rhozet Agreement, to the holders of outstanding options to acquire Rhozet common stock. In addition, in connection with the acquisition, Harmonic incurred approximately $0.7 million in transaction costs. Pursuant to the Rhozet Agreement, approximately $2.3 million of the total merger consideration, consisting of cash and shares of Harmonic common stock, was being held back by Harmonic for at least 18 months following the closing of the acquisition to satisfy certain indemnification obligations of Rhozet’s shareholders pursuant to the terms of the Rhozet Agreement. Harmonic issued 200,854 shares of common stock and paid approximately $0.5 million to former Rhozet shareholders in March 2009 and all holdback amounts have now been settled.
During the second quarter of 2008, we recorded a charge in selling, general and administrative expenses for excess facilities of $1.2 million from a revised estimate of expected sublease income of a Sunnyvale building. The lease for such building terminates in September 2010 and all sublease income has been eliminated from the estimated liability. During the third quarter of 2008, we recorded a charge in selling, general and administrative expenses for excess facilities of $0.2 million from a revised estimate of expected sublease income of two buildings in the United Kingdom. The leases for these buildings terminate in October 2010 and all sublease income has been eliminated from the estimated liability.
We are in the process of expanding our international operations and staff to better support our expansion into international markets. This expansion includes the implementation of an international structure that includes, among other things, an international support center in Europe, a research and development cost-sharing arrangement, certain licenses and other contractual arrangements by and among the Company and its wholly-owned domestic and foreign subsidiaries. Our foreign subsidiaries have acquired certain rights to sell our existing intellectual property and intellectual property that will be developed or licensed in the future. As a result of these changes and an expanding customer base internationally, we expect that an increasing percentage of our consolidated pre-tax income will be derived from, and reinvested in, our international operations. We anticipate that this pre-tax income will be subject to foreign tax at relatively lower tax rates when compared to the United States federal statutory tax rate in future periods. However, the current administration has begun to put forward proposals that may, if enacted, limit the ability of U.S. companies to continue to defer U.S. income taxes on foreign earnings.
Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures requires Harmonic to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingencies and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Material differences may result in the amount and timing of revenue and expenses if different judgments or different estimates were made.
Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the annual consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2008, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 2, 2009 and the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three month period ended April 3, 2009, included herein. Our most critical accounting policies have not changed since December 31, 2008 and include the following:
•	 	Revenue recognition;	

•	 	Allowances for doubtful accounts, returns and discounts;	

•	 	Valuation of inventories;	
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•	 	Impairment of long-lived assets;	

•	 	Restructuring costs and accruals for excess facilities;	

•	 	Assessment of the probability of the outcome of litigation;	

•	 	Accounting for income taxes, and	

•	 	Stock-based compensation.	
Results of Operations
Harmonic’s historical condensed consolidated statements of operations data for the first quarter of 2009 and the first quarter of 2008 as a percentage of net sales, are as follows:
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended

	
 	 	April 3,	 	March 28,	
 	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Product sales	 	 	88	%	 	 	92	%	
Service revenue	 	 	12	 	 	 	8	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Net sales	 	 	100	 	 	 	100	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Product cost of sales	 	 	57	 	 	 	49	 	
Service cost of sales	 	 	6	 	 	 	3	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Cost of sales	 	 	63	 	 	 	52	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Gross profit	 	 	37	 	 	 	48	 	
Operating expenses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Research and development	 	 	21	 	 	 	15	 	
Selling, general and administrative	 	 	31	 	 	 	20	 	
Amortization of intangibles	 	 	1	 	 	 	¾	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Total operating expenses	 	 	53	 	 	 	35	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Income (loss) from operations	 	 	(16	)	 	 	13	 	
Interest income, net	 	 	2	 	 	 	3	 	
Other expense, net	 	 	(1	)	 	 	¾	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Income (loss) before income taxes	 	 	(15	)	 	 	16	 	
Provision for income taxes	 	 	13	 	 	 	1	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Net income (loss)	 	 	(28	)%	 	 	15	%	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Net Sales — Consolidated
Harmonic’s consolidated net sales in the first quarter of 2009 compared with the corresponding period in 2008 are presented in the table below. Also presented are the related dollar and percentage change in consolidated net sales in the first quarter of 2009 compared with the corresponding period in 2008.
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 	 	Three Months Ended

	
 	 	April 3,	 	March 28,	
(In thousands, except percentages)

	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Revenue Data:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Video Processing	 	$	30,521	 	 	$	34,786	 	
Edge and Access	 	 	23,553	 	 	 	39,665	 	
Service and Support	 	 	7,849	 	 	 	7,128	 	
Software and Other	 	 	5,833	 	 	 	5,698	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Net sales	 	$	67,756	 	 	$	87,277	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Video Processing decrease	 	$	(4,265	)	 	 	 	 	
Edge and Access decrease	 	 	(16,112	)	 	 	 	 	
Service and Support increase	 	 	721	 	 	 	 	 	
Software and Other increase	 	 	135	 	 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total decrease	 	$	(19,521	)	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Video Processing percent change	 	 	(12.3	)%	 	 	 	 	
Edge and Access percent change	 	 	(40.6	)%	 	 	 	 	
Service and Support percent change	 	 	10.1	%	 	 	 	 	
Software and Other percent change	 	 	2.4	%	 	 	 	 	
Total percent change	 	 	(22.4	)%	 	 	 	 	
Net sales decreased in the first quarter of 2009 compared to the same period of 2008 principally due to weaker demand from our domestic satellite and worldwide cable customers for VOD and HDTV deployments. Sales of video processing products were lower in the first quarter of 2009 compared to the same period in the prior year due to lower spending from domestic satellite customers. The decrease in sales of products of the edge and access products line in the first quarter of 2009 compared to the same period in 2008 was primarily due to a decrease in sales of access products and our Narrowcast Services Gateway product, which is used for VOD, switched digital and Cable Modem Termination System, or CMTS deployments, to domestic and international cable operators.
Net Sales — Geographic
Harmonic’s domestic and international net sales in the first quarter of 2009 compared with the corresponding period in 2008 are presented in the table below. Also presented are the related dollar and percentage change in domestic and international net sales in the first quarter of 2009 compared with the corresponding period in 2008.
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended

	
 	 	April 3,	 	March 28,	
(In thousands, except percentages)

	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Geographic Sales Data:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S.	 	$	32,118	 	 	$	53,593	 	
International	 	 	35,638	 	 	 	33,684	 	

 	 	 	 	

 	 	
Net sales	 	$	67,756	 	 	$	87,277	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. decrease	 	$	(21,475	)	 	 	 	 	
International increase	 	 	1,954	 	 	 	 	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total decrease	 	$	(19,521	)	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. percent change	 	 	(40.1	)%	 	 	 	 	
International percent change	 	 	5.8	%	 	 	 	 	
Total percent change	 	 	(22.4	)%	 	 	 	 	
The decreased U.S. sales in the first quarter of 2009 compared to the corresponding period in 2008 was principally due to weaker demand from our domestic satellite and cable customers for products used in VOD and HDTV deployments.
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International sales in the first quarter of 2009 increased compared to the corresponding period in 2008 primarily due to revenue generated from products acquired in the Scopus acquisition and increased revenue from several international satellite projects. We expect that international sales will continue to account for a significant portion of our net sales for the foreseeable future.
Gross Profit
Harmonic’s gross profit and gross profit as a percentage of consolidated net sales in the first quarter of 2009 as compared with the corresponding period of 2008 are presented in the table below. Also presented are the related dollar and percentage change in gross profit in the first quarter of 2009 as compared with the corresponding period of 2008.
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended

	
 	 	April 3,	 	March 28,	
(In thousands, except percentages)

	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Gross profit	 	$	25,385	 	 	$	42,279	 	
As a % of net sales	 	 	37.5	%	 	 	48.4	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Decrease	 	$	(16,894	)	 	 	 	 	
Percent change	 	 	(40.0	)%	 	 	 	 	
The decrease in gross profit in the first quarter of 2009 as compared to the corresponding period of 2008 was primarily due to lower sales of $19.5 million and provisions totaling $6.3 million primarily for excess and obsolete inventories associated with the discontinuance of certain Scopus products and employee severance costs principally related to the integration of Scopus into Harmonic. The decreased gross margin percentage of 37.5% in the first quarter of 2009 compared to 48.4% in the first quarter of 2008 was lower mainly due to the aforementioned provisions for excess and obsolete inventories as a result of the discontinuance of certain Scopus products and severance costs related to terminated employees. Additionally, the Company paid severance costs to terminated employees in its California operations during the quarter ended April 3, 2009 which were also included in cost of sales.
In the first quarter of 2009, $1.5 million of amortization of intangibles was included in cost of sales compared to $1.4 million in the first quarter of 2008. The higher amortization of intangible expense in the first quarter of 2009 was due to the amortization of intangibles arising from the Scopus acquisition which was completed in March 2009. We expect to record approximately $6.6 million in amortization of intangibles expenses in cost of sales in the remaining nine months of 2009 due to the acquisitions of Entone, Rhozet and Scopus.
Research and Development
Harmonic’s research and development expense and the expense as a percentage of consolidated net sales in the first quarter of 2009, as compared with the corresponding period of 2008, are presented in the table below. Also presented are the related dollar and percentage change in research and development expense in the first quarter of 2009 as compared with the corresponding period of 2008.
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended

	
 	 	April 3,	 	March 28,	
(In thousands, except percentages)

	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Research and development expense	 	$	14,496	 	 	$	13,193	 	
As a % of net sales	 	 	21.4	%	 	 	15.1	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Increase	 	$	1,303	 	 	 	 	 	
Percent change	 	 	9.9	%	 	 	 	 	
The increase in research and development expense in the first quarter of 2009 compared to the corresponding period in 2008 was primarily the result of increased compensation of $1.0 million and increased stock-based compensation expense of $0.3 million. The increased compensation expense is primarily due to increased headcount from the Scopus acquisition and severance costs of $0.6 million related to terminated Scopus employees.
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Selling, General and Administrative
Harmonic’s selling, general and administrative expense and the expense as a percentage of consolidated net sales in the first quarter of 2009, as compared with the corresponding period of 2008, are presented in the table below. Also presented are the related dollar and percentage change in selling, general and administrative expense in the first quarter of 2009 as compared with the corresponding period of 2008.
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended

	
 	 	April 3,	 	March 28,	
(In thousands, except percentages)

	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Selling, general and administrative expense	 	$	21,290	 	 	$	17,448	 	
As a % of net sales	 	 	31.4	%	 	 	20.0	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Increase	 	$	3,842	 	 	 	 	 	
Percent change	 	 	22.0	%	 	 	 	 	
The increase in selling, general and administrative expense in the first quarter of 2009 compared to the corresponding period in 2008 was primarily a result of acquisition-related expenses of $3.4 million associated with the purchase of Scopus during the first quarter of 2009 and increased stock-based compensation expense of $0.4 million. As a result of adoption of SFAS 141(R), the Company is now required to expense acquisition-related costs in its selling, general and administrative expenses whereas prior to the adoption of SFAS 141(R), such costs were capitalized as part of the purchase price allocated to assets and liabilities acquired.
Amortization of Intangibles
Harmonic’s amortization of intangible assets and the expense as a percentage of consolidated net sales in the first quarter of 2009 as compared with the corresponding period of 2008 are presented in the table below. Also presented are the related dollar and percentage change in amortization of intangible assets in the first quarter of 2009 as compared with the corresponding period of 2008.
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended

	
 	 	April 3,	 	March 28,	
(In thousands, except percentages)

	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Amortization of intangibles	 	$	389	 	 	$	160	 	
As a % of net sales	 	 	0.6	%	 	 	0.2	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Increase	 	$	229	 	 	 	 	 	
Percent change	 	 	143.1	%	 	 	 	 	
The increase in the amortization of intangibles expense in the first quarter of 2009 compared to the same period in 2008 was primarily due to the amortization of intangible assets obtained in connection with the acquisition of Scopus during the first quarter of 2009. Harmonic expects to record a total of approximately $3.5 million in amortization of intangibles expense in operating expenses in the remaining nine months of 2009 due to the amortization of intangible assets resulting from the acquisitions of Entone, Rhozet and Scopus.
Interest Income, Net
Harmonic’s interest income, net, and interest income, net, as a percentage of consolidated net sales in the first quarter of 2009 as compared with the corresponding period of 2008, are presented in the table below. Also presented are the related dollar and percentage change in interest income, net, in the first quarter of 2009 as compared with the corresponding period of 2008.
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 	 	Three Months Ended

	
 	 	April 3,	 	March 28,	
(In thousands, except percentages)

	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Interest income, net	 	$	1,358	 	 	$	3,017	 	
As a % of net sales	 	 	2.0	%	 	 	3.5	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Decrease	 	$	(1,659	)	 	 	 	 	
Percent change	 	 	(55.0	)%	 	 	 	 	
The decrease in interest income, net, in the first three months of 2009 compared to the corresponding period of 2008 was due primarily to the lower interest rates earned on the Company’s cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investment portfolio balances during the first quarter of 2009.
Other Expense, Net
Harmonic’s other expense, net, and other expense, net, as a percentage of consolidated net sales in the first quarter of 2009 as compared with the corresponding period of 2008, are presented in the table below. Also presented is the related dollar and percentage change in other expense, net, in the first quarter of 2009 as compared with the corresponding period of 2008.
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended

	
 	 	April 3,	 	March 28,	
(In thousands, except percentages)

	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Other expense	 	$	494	 	 	$	214	 	
As a % of net sales	 	 	0.7	%	 	 	0.2	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Increase	 	$	280	 	 	 	 	 	
Percent change	 	 	130.8	%	 	 	 	 	
The increase in other expense, net, in the first quarter of 2009 compared to the same period of 2008 was primarily due to foreign exchange losses on foreign denominated accounts receivable.
Income Taxes
Harmonic’s provision for income taxes, and provision for income taxes as a percentage of consolidated net sales in the first quarter of 2009 as compared with the corresponding period of 2008, are presented in the tables below. Also presented is the related dollar and percentage change in income taxes in the first quarter of 2009 as compared with the corresponding period of 2008.
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended

	
 	 	April 3,	 	March 28,	
(In thousands, except percentages)

	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Provision for income taxes	 	$	8,917	 	 	$	927	 	
As a % of net sales	 	 	13.2	%	 	 	1.1	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Increase	 	$	7,990	 	 	 	 	 	
Percent change	 	 	861.9	%	 	 	 	 	
The increase in the provision for income taxes in the first quarter of 2009 compared to the same period in 2008 was primarily due to the differential in foreign tax rates, non deductible SFAS 123(R) stock compensation expense, non-deductible acquisition costs, income tax credits, and various discrete items. The discrete items recorded in the current period increased the effective tax rate for the quarter by approximately 60% which is principally related to new California tax legislation net of a reversal of previously provided foreign income tax whose liability has expired by statute of limitation.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended

	
(In Thousands)	 	April 3,	 	March 28,	
 	 	2009

	 	2008

	
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	 	$	(4,726	)	 	$	11,877	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	 	$	(66,234	)	 	$	39,151	 	
Net cash provided by financing activities	 	$	2,025	 	 	$	2,395	 	
As of April 3, 2009, cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $261.8 million, compared to $327.2 million as of December 31, 2008. Cash used in operations in the first three months of 2009 was $4.7 million, resulting from a net loss of $18.8 million, adjusted for $6.8 million in non-cash charges and a $7.3 million net change in assets and liabilities. The significant non-cash charges included depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation expense. The net change in assets and liabilities included a decrease in accounts receivable from cash collections due to strong billings in the fourth quarter of 2008 and lower billings in the first quarter of 2009, a decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets due to the reduction in deferred tax assets resulting from recent changes in California tax law, and a decrease in inventories, which was partially offset by a decrease in accounts payable primarily from the payment of inventory purchases, a decrease in accrued and other liabilities primarily from the payment of incentive compensation and the settlement of the Litton patent infringement claim, and a decrease in deferred revenue.
To the extent that non-cash items impact our future operating results, there will be no corresponding impact on our cash flows. After excluding the effects of these non-cash charges, the primary changes in cash flows relating to operating activities resulted from changes in working capital. Our primary source of operating cash flows is the collection of accounts receivable from our customers. Our operating cash flows are also impacted by the timing of payments to our vendors for accounts payable and other liabilities. We generally pay our vendors and service providers in accordance with the invoice terms and conditions. In addition, we usually pay our annual incentive compensation to employees in the first quarter.
Net cash used in investing activities was $66.2 million for the three months ended April 3, 2009, mainly due to the payment, net of cash acquired, for the acquisition of Scopus Video Networks. In addition, net cash used included purchases of investments which were in excess of proceeds from sales and maturities during the period. Harmonic currently expects capital expenditures to be in the range of $7 million to $8 million during 2009.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $2.0 million for the three months ended April 3, 2009, as a result of proceeds received from the exercise of stock options and the sale of our common stock under our 2002 Purchase Plan.
Under the terms of the merger agreement with C-Cube, Harmonic is generally liable for C-Cube’s pre-merger liabilities. As of April 3, 2009, approximately $1.1 million of pre-merger liabilities remained outstanding and are included in accrued liabilities. These liabilities represent estimates of C-Cube’s pre-merger obligations to various authorities in five countries. The full amount of the estimated obligations has been classified as a current liability. Harmonic and LSI Logic reached a settlement agreement after April 3, 2009, which resulted in Harmonic reimbursing LSI Logic $1.0 million of the outstanding liability to settle any future outstanding claims. To the extent that these obligations are finally settled for more than the amounts reimbursed by Harmonic, LSI Logic is obligated, under the terms of the settlement agreement, to reimburse Harmonic.
Harmonic has a bank line of credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank, which provides for borrowings of up to $10.0 million that matures on March 3, 2010. As of April 3, 2009, other than standby letters of credit and guarantees, there were no amounts outstanding under the line of credit facility and there were no borrowings in 2008 or 2009. This facility, which was amended and restated in March 2009, contains a financial covenant with the requirement for Harmonic to maintain cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, net of credit extensions, of not less than $40.0 million. If Harmonic is unable to maintain this cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments balance, Harmonic would be in noncompliance with the facility. In the event of noncompliance by Harmonic with the covenant under the facility, Silicon Valley Bank would be entitled to exercise its remedies under the facility which include declaring all obligations immediately due and payable. At April 3, 2009, Harmonic was in compliance with
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the covenant under this line of credit facility. Future borrowings pursuant to the line bear interest at the bank’s prime rate (4.0% at April 3, 2009). Borrowings are payable monthly and are not collateralized.
Harmonic’s cash and investment balances at April 3, 2009 were $261.8 million. We believe that our existing liquidity sources will satisfy our cash requirements for at least the next twelve months. However, if our expectations are incorrect, we may need to raise additional funds to fund our operations, to take advantage of unanticipated strategic opportunities or to strengthen our financial position.
In addition, we actively review potential acquisitions that would complement our existing product offerings, enhance our technical capabilities or expand our marketing and sales presence. Any future transaction of this nature could require potentially significant amounts of capital or could require us to issue our stock and dilute existing stockholders. If adequate funds are not available, or are not available on acceptable terms, we may not be able to take advantage of market opportunities, to develop new products or to otherwise respond to competitive pressures.
Our ability to raise funds may be adversely affected by a number of factors relating to Harmonic, as well as factors beyond our control, including the global economic slowdown, market uncertainty surrounding the ongoing U.S. war on terrorism, as well as conditions in financial markets and the cable and satellite industries. There can be no assurance that any financing will be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
None as of April 3, 2009.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
There were no significant changes to our contractual obligations and commitments in the first quarter of 2009 compared to the information presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, except for the payment of the patent litigation settlement of $5.0 million and payment and issuance of the Rhozet purchase consideration of $2.3 million.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact the operating results, financial position, or liquidity of Harmonic due to adverse changes in market prices and rates. Harmonic is exposed to market risk because of changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates as measured against the U.S. Dollar and currencies of Harmonic’s subsidiaries.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Harmonic has a number of international customers each of whose sales are generally denominated in U.S. dollars. Sales denominated in foreign currencies were approximately 5% and 3% of net sales in the first three months of 2009 and 2008, respectively. In addition, the Company has various international offices that provide sales support, engineering and systems integration services. Periodically, Harmonic enters into foreign currency exchange contracts and options to manage exposure related to accounts receivable and expenses denominated in foreign currencies. Harmonic does not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. At April 3, 2009, we had forward contracts to sell Euros totaling $3.5 million that mature during the second quarter of 2009. In addition, we had forward exchange contracts to sell Israeli Shekels totaling $2.5 million maturing during the second quarter of 2009 and buy/sell option hedges for Israeli Shekels to US Dollar exchange risk totaling $1.0 million expiring during the second quarter of 2009. While Harmonic does not anticipate that near-term changes in exchange rates will have a material impact on Harmonic’s operating results, financial position and liquidity, Harmonic cannot assure you that a sudden and significant change in the value of foreign currencies would not harm Harmonic’s operating results, financial position and liquidity.
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Interest Rate Risk
Exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to Harmonic’s investment portfolio of marketable debt securities of various issuers, types and maturities and to Harmonic’s borrowings under its bank line of credit facility. Harmonic does not use derivative instruments in its investment portfolio, and its investment portfolio only includes highly liquid instruments. These investments are classified as available for sale and are carried at estimated fair value, with material unrealized gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income. There is risk that losses could be incurred if Harmonic were to sell any of its securities prior to stated maturity. As of April 3, 2009, our cash, cash equivalents and investments balance was $261.8 million. Based on our estimates, a 100 basis points, or 1%, change in interest rates would have increased or decreased the fair value of our investments by approximately $0.9 million.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.
We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in internal controls.
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Shareholder Litigation
On May 15, 2003, a derivative action purporting to be on our behalf was filed in the Superior Court for the County of Santa Clara against certain current and former officers and directors. It alleges facts similar to those alleged in the securities class action filed in 2000 and settled in 2008. On December 23, 2008, the Court granted preliminary approval to a settlement of the derivative action. On February 26, 2009, the settlement was submitted to the Court for final approval. The terms of the settlement require final approval of the settlement in the securities action, which has occurred, and payment by the Company of $550,000 to cover plaintiff’s attorneys’ fees. On March 20, 2009, the
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Court granted final approval, which released Harmonic’s officers and directors from all claims brought in the derivative lawsuit and the Company paid $550,000 for the plaintiff’s attorneys’ fees.
Other Litigation
On July 3, 2003, Stanford University and Litton Systems filed a complaint in U.S. District Court for the Central District of California alleging that optical fiber amplifiers incorporated into certain of Harmonic’s products infringe U.S. Patent No. 4859016. This patent expired in September 2003. The complaint sought injunctive relief, royalties and damages. On August 6, 2007, the District Court granted our motion to dismiss. The plaintiffs appealed this motion and on June 19, 2008 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit issued a decision which vacated the District Court’s decision and remanded for further proceedings. At a scheduling conference on September 6, 2008, the judge ordered the parties to mediation. Two mediation sessions were held in November and December 2008. Following the mediation sessions, Harmonic and Litton entered into a settlement agreement on January 15, 2009. The settlement agreement provides that in exchange for a one-time lump sum payment from Harmonic to Litton of $5 million, Litton (i) will not bring suit against Harmonic, any of its affiliates, customers, vendors, representatives, distributors, and its contract manufacturers from having any liability for making, using, offering for sale, importing, and/or selling any Harmonic products that may have incorporated technology that was alleged to have infringed on one or more of the relevant patents and (ii) would release Harmonic from any liability for making, using or selling any Harmonic products that may have infringed on such patents. The Company recorded a provision of $5.0 million in it selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2008. Harmonic paid the settlement amount in January 2009.
Harmonic may be subject to claims arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management the amount of ultimate liability with respect to these matters in the aggregate will not have a material adverse effect on the Company or its operating results, financial position or cash flows.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
We depend on cable, satellite, broadcast and telecom industry capital spending for a substantial portion of our revenue and any decrease or delay in capital spending in these industries would negatively impact our operating results and financial condition or cash flows.
A significant portion of our sales have been derived from sales to cable television, satellite and telecommunications operators, and we expect these sales as well as broadcast sales to constitute a significant portion of net sales for the foreseeable future. Demand for our products will depend on the magnitude and timing of capital spending by cable television operators, satellite operators, telecommunications companies and broadcasters for constructing and upgrading their systems.
These capital spending patterns are dependent on a variety of factors, including:
•	 	access to financing;	

•	 	annual budget cycles;	

•	 	the impact of industry consolidation;	

•	 	the status of federal, local and foreign government regulation of telecommunications and television broadcasting;	

•	 	overall demand for communication services and consumer acceptance of new video, voice and data services;	

•	 	evolving industry standards and network architectures;	

•	 	competitive pressures, including pricing pressures;	

•	 	discretionary customer spending patterns; and	
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•	 	general economic conditions.	
In the past, specific factors contributing to reduced capital spending have included:
•	 	uncertainty related to development of digital video industry standards;	

•	 	delays associated with the evaluation of new services, new standards and system architectures by many operators;	

•	 	emphasis on generating revenue from existing customers by operators instead of new construction or network upgrades;	

•	 	a reduction in the amount of capital available to finance projects of our customers and potential customers;	

•	 	proposed and completed business combinations and divestitures by our customers and regulatory review thereof;	

•	 	weak or uncertain economic and financial conditions in domestic and international markets; and	

•	 	bankruptcies and financial restructuring of major customers.	
The financial difficulties of certain of our customers and changes in our customers’ deployment plans adversely affected our business in the past. Recently, economic conditions in the countries in which we operate and sell products have become increasingly negative, and global economies and financial markets have experienced a severe downturn stemming from a multitude of factors, including adverse credit conditions impacted by the subprime-mortgage crisis, slower economic activity, concerns about inflation and deflation, rapid changes in foreign exchange rates, increased energy costs, decreased consumer confidence, reduced corporate profits and capital spending, adverse business conditions and liquidity concerns and other factors. Economic growth in the U.S. and in many other countries has slowed significantly or receded recently, and is expected by many to slow further or recede in 2009. The severity or length of time that these adverse economic and financial market conditions may persist is unknown. During challenging economic times, and in tight credit markets, many customers may delay or reduce capital expenditures, which in turn often results in lower demand for our products.
Further, we have a number of customers internationally to whom sales are denominated in U.S. dollars. In recent months, the value of the U.S. dollar also has appreciated against many foreign currencies, including the local currencies of many of our international customers. As the U.S. dollar appreciates relative to the local currencies of our customers, the price of our products correspondingly increase for such customers. These factors could result in reductions in sales of our products, longer sales cycles, difficulties in collection of accounts receivable, slower adoption of new technologies and increased price competition. Financial difficulties among our customers could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
In addition, industry consolidation has in the past constrained, and may in the future constrain capital spending among our customers. As a result, we cannot assure you that we will maintain or increase our net sales in the future. Also, if our product portfolio and product development plans do not position us well to capture an increased portion of the capital spending of U.S. cable operators, our revenue may decline and our operating results would be adversely affected.
Our customer base is concentrated and the loss of one or more of our key customers, or a failure to diversify our customer base, could harm our business.
Historically, a majority of our sales have been to relatively few customers, and due in part to the consolidation of ownership of cable television and direct broadcast satellite systems, we expect this customer concentration to continue in the foreseeable future. Sales to our ten largest customers in the first quarter of 2009 and fiscal years 2008 and 2007 accounted for approximately 54%, 58% and 53% of net sales, respectively. Although we are attempting to broaden our customer base by penetrating new markets, such as the telecommunications and broadcast markets, and to expand internationally, we expect to see continuing industry consolidation and customer concentration due in part to the significant capital costs of constructing broadband networks. For example, Comcast acquired AT&T Broadband in 2002, thereby creating the largest U.S. cable operator, reaching approximately 24 million subscribers.
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The sale of Adelphia Communications’ cable systems to Comcast and Time Warner Cable has led to further industry consolidation. NTL and Telewest, the two largest cable operators in the UK, completed their merger in 2006. In the DBS market, The News Corporation Ltd. acquired an indirect controlling interest in Hughes Electronics, the parent company of DIRECTV, in 2003, and News Corporation subsequently sold its interest in DIRECTV to Liberty Media in February 2008. In the telco market, AT&T completed its acquisition of Bell South in December 2006. The bankruptcy filing of Charter Communications in the first quarter of 2009 could lead to further industry consolidation.
In the first three months of 2009, sales to Comcast accounted for 16% of our net sales. In the fiscal year 2008, sales to Comcast and EchoStar accounted for 20% and 12%, respectively, of our net sales. In the fiscal year 2007, sales to Comcast and EchoStar accounted for 16% and 12%, respectively, of our net sales. The loss of Comcast, EchoStar or any other significant customer or any reduction in orders by Comcast, EchoStar or any significant customer, or our failure to qualify our products with a significant customer could adversely affect our business, operating results and liquidity. The loss of, or any reduction in orders from, a significant customer would harm our business if we were not able to offset any such loss or reduction with increased orders from other customers.
In addition, historically, we have been dependent upon capital spending in the cable and satellite industry. We are attempting to diversify our customer base beyond cable and satellite customers, principally into the telco market. Major telcos have begun to implement plans to rebuild or upgrade their networks to offer bundled video, voice and data services. While we have recently been increasing our revenue from telco customers, we are relatively new to this market. In order to be successful in this market, we may need to continue to build alliances with telco equipment manufacturers, adapt our products for telco applications, take orders at prices resulting in lower margins, and build internal expertise to handle the particular contractual and technical demands of the telco industry. In addition, telco video deployments are subject to delays in completion, as video processing technologies and video business models are new to most telcos and many of their largest suppliers. Implementation issues with our products or those of other vendors have caused, and may continue to cause, delays in project completion for our customers and delay the recognition of revenue by Harmonic. Further, during challenging economic times, and in tight credit markets, many customers, including telcos, may delay or reduce capital expenditures. This could result in reductions in sales of our products, longer sales cycles, difficulties in collection of accounts receivable, slower adoption of new technologies and increased price competition. As a result of these and other factors, we cannot assure you that we will be able to increase our revenues from the telco market, or that we can do so profitably, and any failure to increase revenues and profits from telco customers could adversely affect our business.
Our operating results are likely to fluctuate significantly and may fail to meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts or investors, causing our stock price to decline.
Our operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to continue to fluctuate in the future, on an annual and a quarterly basis, as a result of several factors, many of which are outside of our control. Some of the factors that may cause these fluctuations include:
•	 	the level and timing of capital spending of our customers, both in the U.S. and in foreign markets;	

•	 	access to financing, including credit, for capital spending by our customers;	

•	 	changes in market demand;	

•	 	the timing and amount of orders, especially from significant customers;	

•	 	the timing of revenue recognition from solution contracts, which may span several quarters;	

•	 	the timing of revenue recognition on sales arrangements, which may include multiple deliverables;	

•	 	the timing of completion of projects;	

•	 	competitive market conditions, including pricing actions by our competitors;	
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•	 	seasonality, with fewer construction and upgrade projects typically occurring in winter months and otherwise being affected by inclement weather;	

•	 	our unpredictable sales cycles;	

•	 	the amount and timing of sales to telcos, which are particularly difficult to predict;	

•	 	new product introductions by our competitors or by us;	

•	 	changes in domestic and international regulatory environments;	

•	 	market acceptance of new or existing products;	

•	 	the cost and availability of components, subassemblies and modules;	

•	 	the mix of our customer base and sales channels;	

•	 	the mix of products sold and the effect it has on gross margins;	

•	 	changes in our operating expenses and extraordinary expenses;	

•	 	impairment of goodwill and intangibles;	

•	 	the outcome of litigation;	

•	 	write-downs of inventory and investments;	

•	 	the impact of SFAS 123(R), an accounting standard which requires us to record the fair value of stock options as compensation expense;	

•	 	changes in our tax rate, including as a result of changes in our valuation allowance against certain of our deferred tax assets, and changes in state tax law including apportionment, as a result of proposed amended tax rules related to the deferral of foreign earnings;	

•	 	the impact of FIN 48, an accounting interpretation which requires us to establish reserves for uncertain tax positions and accrue potential tax penalties and interest;	

•	 	the impact of SFAS 141(R), a recently revised accounting standard which requires us to record charges for certain acquisition related costs and expenses instead of capitalizing these costs, and generally to expense restructuring costs associated with a business combination subsequent to the acquisition date;	

•	 	our development of custom products and software;	

•	 	the level of international sales;	

•	 	economic and financial conditions specific to the cable, satellite, broadcast and telco industries; and	

•	 	general economic conditions.	
The timing of deployment of our equipment can be subject to a number of other risks, including the availability of skilled engineering and technical personnel, the availability of other equipment such as compatible set top boxes, and our customers’ need for local franchise and licensing approvals.
In addition, we often recognize a substantial portion, or majority, of our revenues in the last month of the quarter. We establish our expenditure levels for product development and other operating expenses based on projected sales levels, and expenses are relatively fixed in the short term. Accordingly, variations in timing of sales can cause
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significant fluctuations in operating results. As a result of all these factors, our operating results in one or more future periods may fail to meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts or investors. In that event, the trading price of our common stock would likely decline.
The markets in which we operate are intensely competitive.
The markets for digital video systems are extremely competitive and have been characterized by rapid technological change and declining average selling prices. Pressure on average selling prices was particularly severe during previous economic downturns as equipment suppliers compete aggressively for customers’ reduced capital spending, and we may experience similar pressure during the current economic slowdown. Our competitors for fiber optic access and edge products include corporations such as Motorola, Cisco Systems and Arris. In our video processing products, we compete broadly with products from vertically integrated system suppliers including Motorola, Cisco Systems, Thomson Multimedia and Ericsson, and, in certain product lines, with a number of smaller companies.
Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than us. Many of these large organizations are in a better position to withstand any significant reduction in capital spending by customers in these markets. They often have broader product lines and market focus and may not be as susceptible to downturns in a particular market. These competitors may also be able to bundle their products together to meet the needs of a particular customer and may be capable of delivering more complete solutions than we are able to provide. Further, some of our competitors have greater financial resources than we do, and they have offered and in the future may offer their products at lower prices than we do, which has in the past and may in the future cause us to lose sales or to reduce our prices in response to competition. Any reduction in sales or reduced prices for our products would adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, many of our competitors have been in operation longer than we have and therefore have more long-standing and established relationships with domestic and foreign customers. We may not be able to compete successfully in the future, which would harm our business.
If any of our competitors’ products or technologies were to become the industry standard, our business could be seriously harmed. For example, new standards for video compression are being introduced and products based on these standards are being developed by us and some of our competitors. If our competitors are successful in bringing these products to market earlier, or if these products are more technologically capable than ours, then our sales could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, companies that have historically not had a large presence in the broadband communications equipment market have begun recently to expand their market share through mergers and acquisitions. The continued consolidation of our competitors could have a significant negative impact on us. Further, our competitors, particularly competitors of our digital and video broadcasting systems business, may bundle their products or incorporate functionality into existing products in a manner that discourages users from purchasing our products or which may require us to lower our selling prices, resulting in lower revenues and decreased gross margins.
Our future growth depends on market acceptance of several broadband services, on the adoption of new broadband technologies and on several other broadband industry trends.
Future demand for our products will depend significantly on the growing market acceptance of emerging broadband services, including digital video, VOD, HDTV, IPTV, mobile video services, very high-speed data services and voice-over-IP, or VoIP.
The effective delivery of these services will depend, in part, on a variety of new network architectures and standards, such as:
•	 	new video compression standards such as MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 for both standard definition and high definition services;	

•	 	fiber to the premises, or FTTP, and digital subscriber line, or DSL, networks designed to facilitate the delivery of video services by telcos;	
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•	 	the greater use of protocols such as IP;	

•	 	the further adoption of bandwidth-optimization techniques, such as switched digital video and DOCSIS 3.0; and	

•	 	the introduction of new consumer devices, such as advanced set-top boxes and personal video recorders, or PVRs.	
If adoption of these emerging services and/or technologies is not as widespread or as rapid as we expect, or if we are unable to develop new products based on these technologies on a timely basis, our net sales growth will be materially and adversely affected.
Furthermore, other technological, industry and regulatory trends will affect the growth of our business. These trends include the following:
•	 	convergence, or the need of many network operators to deliver a package of video, voice and data services to consumers, also known as the “triple play” service;	

•	 	the increasing availability of traditional broadcast video content on the Internet;	

•	 	the entry of telcos into the video business;	

•	 	the use of digital video by businesses, governments and educators;	

•	 	efforts by regulators and governments in the U.S. and abroad to encourage the adoption of broadband and digital technologies; and	

•	 	the extent and nature of regulatory attitudes towards such issues as competition between operators, access by third parties to networks of other operators, local franchising requirements for telcos to offer video, and other new services such as VoIP.	
We need to develop and introduce new and enhanced products in a timely manner to remain competitive.
Broadband communications markets are characterized by continuing technological advancement, changes in customer requirements and evolving industry standards. To compete successfully, we must design, develop, manufacture and sell new or enhanced products that provide increasingly higher levels of performance and reliability. However, we may not be able to successfully develop or introduce these products if our products:
•	 	are not cost effective;	

•	 	are not brought to market in a timely manner;	

•	 	are not in accordance with evolving industry standards and architectures;	

•	 	fail to achieve market acceptance; or	

•	 	are ahead of the market.	
We are currently developing and marketing products based on new video compression standards. Encoding products based on the MPEG-2 compression standards have represented a significant portion of our sales since our acquisition of DiviCom in 2000. New standards, such as MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 have been adopted which provide significantly greater compression efficiency, thereby making more bandwidth available to operators. The availability of more bandwidth is particularly important to those DBS and telco operators seeking to launch, or expand, HDTV services. We have developed and launched products, including HD encoders, based on these new standards in order to remain competitive and are devoting considerable resources to this effort. There can be no assurance that these efforts will be successful in the near future, or at all, or that competitors will not take significant market share in HD
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encoding. At the same time, we need to devote development resources to the existing MPEG-2 product line which our cable and satellite customers continue to require. Also, to successfully develop and market certain of our planned products, we may be required to enter into technology development or licensing agreements with third parties. We cannot assure you that we will be able to enter into any necessary technology development or licensing agreements on terms acceptable to us, or at all. The failure to enter into technology development or licensing agreements when necessary could limit our ability to develop and market new products and, accordingly, could materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.
Conditions and changes in the national and global economic environments may adversely affect our business and financial results.
Adverse economic conditions in markets in which we operate may harm our business. Recently, economic conditions in the countries in which we operate and sell products have become increasingly negative, and global financial markets have experienced a severe downturn stemming from a multitude of factors, including adverse credit conditions impacted by the subprime-mortgage crisis, slower economic activity, concerns about inflation and deflation, rapid changes in foreign exchange rates, increased energy costs, decreased consumer confidence, reduced corporate profits and capital spending, adverse business conditions and liquidity concerns and other factors. Economic growth in the U.S. and in many other countries slowed in the fourth quarter of 2007, remained slow or stopped in 2008, and is expected to slow further or recede in 2009 in the U.S. and internationally. The current global economic slowdown has led many of our customers to announce or plan lower capital expenditures for 2009, and we believe that this slowdown caused certain of our customers to reduce or delay orders for our products in the fourth quarter of 2008 and first quarter of 2009. Many of our international customers, particularly those in emerging markets, have been exposed to tight credit markets and depreciating currencies, further restricting their ability to invest to build out or upgrade their networks. Some customers have difficulty in servicing or retiring existing debt and the financial constraints on certain international customers required us to significantly increase our reserves for doubtful accounts in the fourth quarter of 2008. For example, Charter Communications recently filed for bankruptcy protection in the first quarter of 2009 in order to implement a restructuring aimed at improving its capital structure.
During challenging economic times, and in tight credit markets, many customers may delay or reduce capital expenditures. This could result in reductions in sales of our products, longer sales cycles, difficulties in collection of accounts receivable, slower adoption of new technologies and increased price competition. If global economic and market conditions, or economic conditions in the United States or other key markets deteriorate, we may experience a material and adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Broadband communications markets are characterized by rapid technological change.
Broadband communications markets are relatively immature, making it difficult to accurately predict the markets’ future growth rates, sizes or technological directions. In view of the evolving nature of these markets, it is possible that cable television operators, telcos or other suppliers of broadband wireless and satellite services will decide to adopt alternative architectures or technologies that are incompatible with our current or future products. Also, decisions by customers to adopt new technologies or products are often delayed by extensive evaluation and qualification processes and can result in delays in sales of current products. If we are unable to design, develop, manufacture and sell products that incorporate or are compatible with these new architectures or technologies, our business will suffer.
If sales forecasted for a particular period are not realized in that period due to the unpredictable sales cycles of our products, our operating results for that period will be harmed.
The sales cycles of many of our products, particularly our newer products and products sold internationally, are typically unpredictable and usually involve:
•	 	a significant technical evaluation;	

•	 	a commitment of capital and other resources by cable, satellite, and other network operators;	

•	 	time required to engineer the deployment of new technologies or new broadband services;	
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•	 	testing and acceptance of new technologies that affect key operations; and	

•	 	test marketing of new services with subscribers.	
For these and other reasons, our sales cycles generally last three to nine months, but can last up to 12 months. If orders forecasted for a specific customer for a particular quarter do not occur in that quarter, our operating results for that quarter could be substantially lower than anticipated. In this regard, our sales cycles with our current and potential satellite and telco customers are particularly unpredictable. Orders may include multiple elements, the timing of delivery of which may impact the timing of revenue recognition. Additionally, our sales arrangements may include testing and acceptance of new technologies and the timing of completion of acceptance testing is difficult to predict and may impact the timing of revenue recognition. Quarterly and annual results may fluctuate significantly due to revenue recognition policies and the timing of the receipt of orders.
In addition, a significant portion of our revenue is derived from solution sales that principally consist of and include the system design, manufacture, test, installation and integration of equipment to the specifications of our customers, including equipment acquired from third parties to be integrated with our products. Revenue forecasts for solution contracts are based on the estimated timing of the system design, installation and integration of projects. Because solution contracts generally span several quarters and revenue recognition is based on progress under the contract, the timing of revenue is difficult to predict and could result in lower than expected revenue in any particular quarter.
We must be able to manage expenses and inventory risks associated with meeting the demand of our customers.
If actual orders are materially lower than the indications we receive from our customers, our ability to manage inventory and expenses may be affected. If we enter into purchase commitments to acquire materials, or expend resources to manufacture products, and such products are not purchased by our customers, our business and operating results could suffer. In this regard, our gross margins and operating results have been in the past adversely affected by significant charges for excess and obsolete inventories.
In addition, we must carefully manage the introduction of next generation products in order to balance potential inventory risks associated with excess quantities of older product lines and forecasts of customer demand for new products. For example, in 2007, we wrote down approximately $7.6 million of net obsolete and excess inventory, with a significant portion of the write-down being due to product transitions. We also wrote down $1.1 million in 2006 as a result of the end of life of a product line. There can be no assurance that we will be able to manage these product transitions in the future without incurring write-downs for excess inventory or having inadequate supplies of new products to meet customer expectations.
We have made and expect to continue to make acquisitions, and such acquisitions could disrupt our operations and adversely affect our operating results.
As part of our business strategy, from time to time, we have acquired, and continue to consider acquiring, businesses, technologies, assets and product lines that we believe complement or expand our existing business. For example, on March 12, 2009, we completed the acquisition of Scopus Video Networks Ltd. pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger announced on December 22, 2008. In addition, on December 8, 2006, we acquired the video networking software business of Entone Technologies, Inc. and, on July 31, 2007, we completed the acquisition of Rhozet Corporation. We expect to make additional acquisitions in the future.
We may face challenges as a result of these activities, because acquisitions entail numerous risks, including:
•	 	difficulties in the assimilation and integration of acquired operations, technologies and/or products;	

•	 	unanticipated costs associated with the acquisition transaction;	

•	 	difficulties in implementing new or revised accounting pronouncements, such as SFAS 141(R), “Business Combinations”, which establishes principles and requirements to record the acquisition method of accounting;	
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•	 	the diversion of management’s attention from the regular operations of the business and the challenges of managing larger and more widespread operations;	

•	 	difficulties in integrating acquired companies’ systems controls, policies and procedures to comply with the internal control over financial reporting requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;	

•	 	adverse effects on new and existing business relationships with suppliers and customers;	

•	 	potential difficulties in completing projects associated with in-process research and development;	

•	 	risks associated with entering markets in which we have no or limited prior experience;	

•	 	the potential loss of key employees of acquired businesses;	

•	 	difficulties in the assimilation of different corporate cultures and practices;	

•	 	difficulties in bringing acquired products and businesses into compliance with applicable legal requirements in jurisdictions in which we operate and sell products;	

•	 	substantial charges for acquisition costs, which are now required to be expensed under SFAS 141(R);	

•	 	substantial charges for the amortization of certain purchased intangible assets, deferred stock compensation or similar items;	

•	 	substantial impairments to goodwill or intangible assets in the event that an acquisition proves to be less valuable than the price we paid for it; and	

•	 	delays in realizing or failure to realize the benefits of an acquisition.	
For example, the government grants that Scopus has received for research and development expenditures limits its ability to manufacture products and transfer technologies outside of Israel, and if Scopus fails to satisfy specified conditions, it may be required to refund grants previously received together with interest and penalties, and may be subject to criminal charges.
Also, we closed all operations and product lines related to Broadcast Technology Limited, which we acquired in 2005 and we have recorded charges associated with that closure.
Competition within our industry for acquisitions of businesses, technologies, assets and product lines has been, and may in the future continue to be, intense. As such, even if we are able to identify an acquisition that we would like to consummate, we may not be able to complete the acquisition on commercially reasonable terms or because the target is acquired by another company. Furthermore, in the event that we are able to identify and consummate any future acquisitions, we could:
•	 	issue equity securities which would dilute current stockholders’ percentage ownership;	

•	 	incur substantial debt;	

•	 	incur significant acquisition-related expenses;	

•	 	assume contingent liabilities; or	

•	 	expend significant cash.	
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These financing activities or expenditures could harm our business, operating results and financial condition or the price of our common stock. Alternatively, due to difficulties in the capital and credit markets, we may be unable to secure capital on acceptable terms, or all, to complete acquisitions.
Moreover, even if we do obtain benefits from acquisitions in the form of increased sales and earnings, there may be a delay between the time when the expenses associated with an acquisition are incurred and the time when we recognize such benefits.
If we are unable to successfully address any of these risks, our business, financial condition or operating results could be harmed.
We depend on our international sales and are subject to the risks associated with international operations, which may negatively affect our operating results.
Sales to customers outside of the U.S. in the first three months of 2009 and the fiscal years 2008 and 2007 represented 53%, 44% and 44% of net sales, respectively, and we expect that international sales will continue to represent a meaningful portion of our net sales for the foreseeable future. Furthermore, a substantial portion of our contract manufacturing occurs overseas. Our international operations, the international operations of our contract manufacturers and our efforts to increase sales in international markets are subject to a number of risks, including:
•	 	a slowdown in international economies, which may adversely affect our customers’ capital spending;	

•	 	changes in foreign government regulations and telecommunications standards;	

•	 	import and export license requirements, tariffs, taxes and other trade barriers;	

•	 	fluctuations in currency exchange rates;	

•	 	difficulty in collecting accounts receivable;	

•	 	the burden and costs associated with complying with a wide variety of foreign laws, regulations, treaties and technical standards;	

•	 	difficulty in staffing and managing foreign operations;	

•	 	political and economic instability, including risks related to terrorist activity; and	

•	 	changes in economic policies by foreign governments.	
In the past, certain of our international customers accumulated significant levels of debt and have undertaken reorganizations and financial restructurings, including bankruptcy proceedings. Even where these restructurings have been completed, in some cases these customers have not been in a position to purchase new equipment at levels we have seen in the past.
While our international sales and operating expenses have typically been denominated in U.S. dollars, fluctuations in currency exchange rates could cause our products to become relatively more expensive to customers in a particular country, leading to a reduction in sales or profitability in that country. A portion of our European business is denominated in Euros, which may subject us to increased foreign currency risk. Gains and losses on the conversion to U.S. dollars of accounts receivable, accounts payable and other monetary assets and liabilities arising from international operations may contribute to fluctuations in operating results.
Furthermore, payment cycles for international customers are typically longer than those for customers in the U.S. Unpredictable sales cycles could cause us to fail to meet or exceed the expectations of security analysts and investors for any given period. In addition, foreign markets may not further develop in the future.
Another significant legal risk resulting from our international operations is compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA. In many foreign countries, particularly in those with developing economies, it may
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be a local custom that businesses operating in such countries engage in business practices that are prohibited by the FCPA or other U.S. laws and regulations. Although we have implemented policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with the FCPA and similar laws, there can be no assurance that all of our employees, and agents, as well as those companies to which we outsource certain of our business operations, will not take actions in violation of our policies. Any such violation, even if prohibited by our policies, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Any or all of these factors could adversely impact our business and results of operations.
Fluctuations in our future effective tax rates could affect our future operating results, financial condition and cash flows.
In accordance with SFAS 109, we have evaluated the need for a valuation allowance based on historical evidence, trends in profitability, expectations of future taxable income and implemented tax planning strategies. As such in 2008, we determined that a valuation allowance was no longer necessary for certain of our U.S. deferred tax assets because, based on the available evidence, we concluded that a realization of these net deferred tax assets was more likely than not. We continue to maintain a valuation allowance for certain foreign deferred tax assets and recorded a valuation allowance to our California deferred tax assets in the first quarter of 2009 as a result of our expectation on future usage of the California deferred tax assets .  Pursuant to SFAS 109, we are required to periodically review our deferred tax assets and determine whether, based on available evidence, a valuation allowance is necessary. In the event that, in the future, we determine additional valuation allowance is necessary with respect to our U.S. and certain foreign deferred tax assets, we would incur a charge equal to the amount of the valuation allowance in the period in which we made such determination as a discrete item, and this could have a material and adverse impact on our results of operations for such period.
The calculation of tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex global tax regulations. We recognize potential liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. If payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period when we determine the liabilities are no longer necessary. If the estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate tax assessment, a further charge to expense would result. The Company adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (“FIN 48”) on January 1, 2007, the first day of fiscal 2007. FIN 48 prescribes a comprehensive model for recognizing, measuring, presenting and disclosing in the consolidated financial statements tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return.
We are in the process of expanding our international operations and staff to better support our expansion into international markets. This expansion includes the implementation of an international structure that includes, among other things, an international support center in Europe, a research and development cost-sharing arrangement, certain licenses and other contractual arrangements between us and our wholly-owned domestic and foreign subsidiaries. As a result of these changes, we anticipate that our consolidated pre-tax income will be subject to foreign tax at relatively lower tax rates when compared to the United States federal statutory tax rate and, as a consequence, our effective income tax rate is expected to be lower than the United States federal statutory rate. However, the current administration has begun to put forward proposals that may, if enacted, limit the ability of U.S. companies to continue to defer U.S. income taxes on foreign income. Our future effective income tax rates could be adversely affected if tax authorities challenge our international tax structure or if the relative mix of United States and international income changes for any reason. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that our income tax rate will be less than the United States federal statutory rate in future periods.
We face risks associated with having important facilities and resources located in Israel.
The acquisition of Scopus in March 2009, which was headquartered and had a substantial majority of its operations in Israel, resulted in the addition of approximately 201 employees based in Israel. In addition, we maintain a facility in Caesarea in the State of Israel with a total of 83 employees. The employees at the Caesarea facility consist principally of research and development personnel. We have pilot production capabilities at this facility consisting of procurement of subassemblies and modules from Israeli subcontractors and final assembly and test operations. As of April 3, 2009, we have a total of approximately 284 employees based in Israel, or approximately 31% of our workforce.
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Accordingly, we are directly influenced by the political, economic and military conditions affecting Israel, and this influence is expected to increase with the acquisition of Scopus. Any significant conflict involving Israel could have a direct effect on our business or that of our Israeli subcontractors, in the form of physical damage or injury, reluctance to travel within or to Israel by our Israeli and foreign employees or those of our subcontractors, or the loss of employees to active military duty. Most of our employees in Israel are currently obligated to perform annual reserve duty in the Israel Defense Forces and several have been called for active military duty recently. In the event that more employees are called to active duty, certain of our research and development activities may be adversely affected and significantly delayed. In addition, the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its trading partners could significantly harm our business. Terrorist attacks and hostilities within Israel, the hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah, and Israel and Hamas, and the conflict between Hamas and Fatah have also heightened these risks. Current or future tensions in the Middle East may adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Changes in telecommunications legislation and regulations could harm our prospects and future sales.
Changes in telecommunications legislation and regulations in the U.S. and other countries could affect the sales of our products. In particular, regulations dealing with access by competitors to the networks of incumbent operators could slow or stop additional construction or expansion by these operators. Local franchising and licensing requirements may slow the entry of telcos into the video business. Increased regulation of our customers’ pricing or service offerings could limit their investments and consequently the sales of our products. Changes in regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.
Negative conditions in the global credit markets may impair the liquidity of a portion of our investment portfolio.
As of December 31, 2008, we held approximately $10.7 million of auction rate securities, or ARSs, which were invested in preferred securities in closed-end mutual funds. The recent negative conditions in the credit markets restricted our ability to liquidate holdings of ARSs because the amount of securities submitted for sale has exceeded the amount of purchase orders for such securities. During 2008, we were able to sell $24.1 million of ARSs through successful auctions and redemptions. The remaining balance of $10.7 million in ARSs as of December 31, 2008 all had failed auctions in 2008. During August 2008, we received notification from our investment manager who holds the ARSs that it had reached a settlement with certain regulatory authorities, pursuant to which we would be able to sell its outstanding ARSs to the investment manager at par, plus accrued interest and dividends at any time during the period from January 2, 2009 through January 15, 2010. The entire balance of $10.7 million in ARSs that we held at December 31, 2008 were sold at par plus interest in February 2009.
In the event we need or desire to access funds from the other short-term investments that we hold, it is possible that we may not be able to do so due to market conditions. If a buyer is found but is unwilling to purchase the investments at par or our cost, we may incur a loss. Further, rating downgrades of the security issuer or the third parties insuring such investments may require us to adjust the carrying value of these investments through an impairment charge. Our inability to sell all or some of our short-term investments at par or our cost, or rating downgrades of issuers of these securities, could adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.
In addition, we invest our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments in a variety of investment vehicles in a number of countries with and in the custody of financial institutions with high credit ratings. While our investment policy and strategy attempt to manage interest rate risk, limit credit risk, and only invest in what we view as very high-quality securities, the outlook for our investment holdings is dependent on general economic conditions, interest rate trends and volatility in the financial marketplace, which can all affect the income that we receive, the value of our investments, and our ability to sell them.
During 2008, we recorded an impairment charge of $0.8 million relating to an investment in an unsecured debt instrument of Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc. We believe that our investment securities are carried at fair value. However, over time the economic and market environment may provide additional insight regarding the fair value of certain securities which could change our judgment regarding impairment. This could result in unrealized or realized losses relating to other than temporary declines being charged against future income. Given the current market conditions involved, there is continuing risk that further declines in fair value may occur and additional impairments may be charged to income in future periods, resulting in realized losses.
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In order to manage our growth, we must be successful in addressing management succession issues and attracting and retaining qualified personnel.
Our future success will depend, to a significant extent, on the ability of our management to operate effectively, both individually and as a group. We must successfully manage transition and replacement issues that may result from the departure or retirement of members of our senior management. We cannot assure you that changes of management personnel would not cause disruption to our operations or customer relationships, or a decline in our financial results.
In addition, we are dependent on our ability to retain and motivate high caliber personnel, in addition to attracting new personnel. Competition for qualified management, technical and other personnel can be intense and we may not be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. Competitors and others have in the past and may in the future attempt to recruit our employees. While our employees are required to sign standard agreements concerning confidentiality and ownership of inventions, we generally do not have employment contracts or non-competition agreements with any of our personnel. The loss of the services of any of our key personnel, the inability to attract or retain qualified personnel in the future or delays in hiring required personnel, particularly senior management and engineers and other technical personnel, could negatively affect our business.
Accounting standards and stock exchange regulations related to equity compensation could adversely affect our earnings, our ability to raise capital and our ability to attract and retain key personnel.
Since our inception, we have used equity compensation, including stock options and restricted stock units, as a fundamental component of our employee compensation packages. We believe that our equity incentive plans are an essential tool to link the long-term interests of stockholders and employees, especially executive management, and serve to motivate management to make decisions that will, in the long run, give the best returns to stockholders. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS 123(R) that requires us to record a charge to earnings for employee stock options and restricted stock unit grants and employee stock purchase plan rights for all periods from January 1, 2006. This standard has negatively impacted and will continue to negatively impact our earnings and may affect our ability to raise capital on acceptable terms. For the three months ended April 3, 2009, stock-based compensation expense recognized under SFAS 123(R) was $2.4 million, which consisted of stock-based compensation expense related to board of directors’ restricted stock units, employee equity awards and employee stock purchases.
In addition, regulations implemented by the NASDAQ Stock Market requiring stockholder approval for all equity incentive plans could make it more difficult for us to grant options or restricted stock units to employees in the future. To the extent that new accounting standards make it more difficult or expensive to grant options or restricted stock units to employees, we may incur increased compensation costs, change our equity compensation strategy or find it difficult to attract, retain and motivate employees, each of which could materially and adversely affect our business.
We are exposed to additional costs and risks associated with complying with increasing regulation of corporate governance and disclosure standards.
We are spending an increased amount of management time and external resources to comply with changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, SEC regulations and the NASDAQ Stock Market rules. In particular, Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires management’s annual review and evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting and attestation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting by our independent registered public accounting firm in connection with the filing of the annual report on Form 10-K for each fiscal year. We have documented and tested our internal control systems and procedures and have made improvements in order for us to comply with the requirements of Section 404. This process required us to hire additional personnel and outside advisory services and has resulted in significant additional expenses. While our management’s assessment of our internal control over financial reporting resulted in our conclusion that as of December 31, 2008, our internal control over financial reporting was effective, and our independent registered public accounting firm has attested that our internal control over financial reporting was effective in all material respects as of December 31, 2008, we cannot predict the outcome of our testing and that of our independent registered public accounting firm in future periods. If
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we conclude in future periods that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to provide an unqualified attestation as of future year-ends, investors may lose confidence in our financial statements, and the price of our stock may suffer.
We may need additional capital in the future and may not be able to secure adequate funds on terms acceptable to us.
We have generated substantial operating losses since we began operations in June 1988. We have been engaged in the design, manufacture and sale of a variety of video products and system solutions since inception, which has required, and will continue to require, significant research and development expenditures. As of December 31, 2008 we had an accumulated deficit of $1.8 billion. These losses, among other things, have had and may have an adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity and working capital.
We believe that our existing liquidity sources, including the net proceeds of the public offering of common stock that we completed in November 2007, will satisfy our cash requirements for at least the next twelve months. However, we may need to raise additional funds if our expectations are incorrect, to take advantage of unanticipated strategic opportunities, to satisfy our other liabilities, or to strengthen our financial position. Our ability to raise funds may be adversely affected by a number of factors relating to Harmonic, as well as factors beyond our control, including weakness in the economic conditions in markets in which we operating and into which we sell our products, increased uncertainty in the financial, capital and credit markets, as well as conditions in the cable and satellite industries. In particular, companies are experiencing difficulty raising capital from issuances of debt or equity securities in the current capital market environment, and may also have difficulty securing credit financing. There can be no assurance that such financing will be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
In addition, we actively review potential acquisitions that would complement our existing product offerings, enhance our technical capabilities or expand our marketing and sales presence. Any future transaction of this nature could require potentially significant amounts of capital to finance the acquisition and related expenses as well as to integrate operations following a transaction, and could require us to issue our stock and dilute existing stockholders. If adequate funds are not available, or are not available on acceptable terms, we may not be able to take advantage of market opportunities, to develop new products or to otherwise respond to competitive pressures.
We may raise additional financing through public or private equity offerings, debt financings or additional corporate collaboration and licensing arrangements. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience dilution. To the extent that we raise additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, it may be necessary to relinquish some rights to our technologies or products, or grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. For example, debt financing arrangements may require us to pledge assets or enter into covenants that could restrict our operations or our ability to incur further indebtedness. If adequate funds are not available, we will not be able to continue developing our products.
If demand for our products increases more quickly than we expect, we may be unable to meet our customers’ requirements.
If demand for our products increases, the difficulty of accurately forecasting our customers’ requirements and meeting these requirements will increase. For example, we had insufficient quantities of certain products to meet customer demand late in the second quarter of 2006 and, as a result, our revenues were lower than internal and external expectations. Forecasting to meet customers’ needs and effectively managing our supply chain is particularly difficult in connection with newer products. Our ability to meet customer demand depends significantly on the availability of components and other materials as well as the ability of our contract manufacturers to scale their production. Furthermore, we purchase several key components, subassemblies and modules used in the manufacture or integration of our products from sole or limited sources. Our ability to meet customer requirements depends in part on our ability to obtain sufficient volumes of these materials in a timely fashion. Also, in previous years, in response to lower sales and the prolonged economic recession, we significantly reduced our headcount and other expenses. As a result, we may be unable to respond to customer demand that increases more quickly than we expect. If we fail to meet customers’ supply expectations, our net sales would be adversely affected and we may lose business.
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We purchase several key components, subassemblies and modules used in the manufacture or integration of our products from sole or limited sources, and we are increasingly dependent on contract manufacturers.
Many components, subassemblies and modules necessary for the manufacture or integration of our products are obtained from a sole supplier or a limited group of suppliers. For example, we depend on a small private company for certain video encoding chips which are incorporated into several new products. Our reliance on sole or limited suppliers, particularly foreign suppliers, and our increased reliance on subcontractors involves several risks, including a potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of required components, subassemblies or modules and, reduced control over pricing, quality and timely delivery of components, subassemblies or modules. In particular, certain optical components have in the past been in short supply and are available only from a small number of suppliers, including sole source suppliers. These risks are heightened during the current economic slowdown, because our suppliers and subcontractors are more likely to experience adverse changes in their financial condition and operations during such a period. While we expend resources to qualify additional component sources, consolidation of suppliers in the industry and the small number of viable alternatives have limited the results of these efforts. We do not generally maintain long-term agreements with any of our suppliers. Managing our supplier and contractor relationships is particularly difficult during time periods in which we introduce new products and during time periods in which demand for our products is increasing, especially if demand increases more quickly than we expect. Furthermore, from time to time we assess our relationship with our contract manufacturers. In 2003, we entered into a three- year agreement with Plexus Services Corp. as our primary contract manufacturer, and Plexus currently provides us with a majority of the products that we purchase from our contract manufacturers. This agreement has automatic annual renewals unless prior notice is given and has been renewed until October 2009.
Difficulties in managing relationships with current contract manufacturers, particularly Plexus, could impede our ability to meet our customers’ requirements and adversely affect our operating results. An inability to obtain adequate deliveries or any other circumstance that would require us to seek alternative sources of supply could negatively affect our ability to ship our products on a timely basis, which could damage relationships with current and prospective customers and harm our business. We attempt to limit this risk by maintaining safety stocks of certain components, subassemblies and modules. As a result of this investment in inventories, we have in the past and in the future may be subject to risk of excess and obsolete inventories, which could harm our business, operating results, financial position or cash flows. In this regard, our gross margins and operating results in the past were adversely affected by significant excess and obsolete inventory charges.
Cessation of the development and production of video encoding chips by C-Cube’s spun-off semiconductor business may adversely impact us.
Our DiviCom business, which we acquired in 2000, and the C-Cube semiconductor business (acquired by LSI Logic in June 2001) collaborated on the production and development of two video encoding microelectronic chips prior to our acquisition of the DiviCom business. In connection with the acquisition, we have entered into a contractual relationship with the spun-off semiconductor business of C-Cube, under which we have access to certain of the spun-off semiconductor business technologies and products on which the DiviCom business depends for certain product and service offerings. The current term of this agreement is through October 2009, with automatic annual renewals unless terminated by either party in accordance with the agreement provisions. On July 27, 2007, LSI announced that it had completed the sale of its consumer products business (which includes the design and manufacture of encoding chips) to Magnum Semiconductor, and the agreement providing us with access to certain of the spun-off semiconductor business technologies and products was assigned to Magnum Semiconductor. If the spun-off semiconductor business is not able to or does not sustain its development and production efforts in this area, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flow could be harmed.
We need to effectively manage our operations and the cyclical nature of our business.
The cyclical nature of our business has placed, and is expected to continue to place, a significant strain on our personnel, management and other resources. We reduced our work force by approximately 44% between December 31, 2000 and December 31, 2003 due to reduced industry spending and demand for our products. Our purchase of the video networking software business of Entone in December 2006 resulted in the addition of 43 employees, most of whom are based in Hong Kong, and we added approximately 18 employees on July 31, 2007, in connection with the completion of our acquisition of Rhozet. In addition, upon the closing of the acquisition of Scopus, we added a
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significant number of employees. Our ability to manage our business effectively in the future, including any future growth, will require us to train, motivate and manage our employees successfully, to attract and integrate new employees into our overall operations, to retain key employees and to continue to improve our operational, financial and management systems.
We are subject to various environmental laws and regulations that could impose substantial costs upon us and may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
Some of our operations use substances regulated under various federal, state, local and international laws governing the environment, including those governing the management, disposal and labeling of hazardous substances and wastes and the cleanup of contaminated sites. We could incur costs and fines, third-party property damage or personal injury claims, or could be required to incur substantial investigation or remediation costs, if we were to violate or become liable under environmental laws. The ultimate costs under environmental laws and the timing of these costs are difficult to predict.
We also face increasing complexity in our product design as we adjust to new and future requirements relating to the presence of certain substances in electronic products and making producers of those products financially responsible for the collection, treatment, recycling, and disposal of certain products. For example, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have enacted the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive, which regulates the collection, recovery, and recycling of waste from electrical and electronic products, and the Restriction on the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (RoHS) directive, which bans the use of certain hazardous materials including lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) that exceed certain specified levels. Legislation similar to RoHS and WEEE has been or may be enacted in other jurisdictions, including in the United States, Japan, and China. Our failure to comply with these laws could result in our being directly or indirectly liable for costs, fines or penalties and third-party claims, and could jeopardize our ability to conduct business in such countries. We also expect that our operations will be affected by other new environmental laws and regulations on an ongoing basis. Although we cannot predict the ultimate impact of any such new laws and regulations, they will likely result in additional costs or decreased revenue, and could require that we redesign or change how we manufacture our products, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We are liable for C-Cube’s pre-merger liabilities, including liabilities resulting from the spin-off of its semiconductor business.
Under the terms of the merger agreement with C-Cube, Harmonic is generally liable for C-Cube’s pre-merger liabilities. As of April 3, 2009, approximately $1.1 million of pre-merger liabilities remained outstanding and are included in accrued liabilities. These liabilities represent estimates of C-Cube’s pre-merger obligations to various authorities in five countries. The full amount of the estimated obligations has been classified as a current liability. Harmonic and LSI Logic reached a settlement agreement after April 3, 2009, which resulted in Harmonic reimbursing LSI Logic $1.0 million of the outstanding liability to settle any future outstanding claims. To the extent that these obligations are finally settled for more than the amounts reimbursed by Harmonic, LSI Logic is obligated, under the terms of the settlement agreement, to reimburse Harmonic.
The merger agreement stipulates that we will be indemnified by the spun-off semiconductor business if the cash reserves are not sufficient to satisfy all of C-Cube’s liabilities for periods prior to the merger. If for any reason, the spun-off semiconductor business does not have sufficient cash to pay such taxes, or if there are additional taxes due with respect to the non-semiconductor business and we cannot be indemnified by LSI Logic, we generally will remain liable, and such liability could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
We rely on value-added resellers and systems integrators for a substantial portion of our sales, and disruptions to, or our failure to develop and manage our relationships with these customers and the processes and procedures that support them could adversely affect our business.
We generate a substantial portion of our sales through net sales to value-added resellers, or VARs, and systems integrators. We expect that these sales will continue to generate a substantial percentage of our net sales in the
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future. Our future success is highly dependent upon establishing and maintaining successful relationships with a variety of VARs and systems integrators that specialize in video delivery solutions, products and services.
We have no long-term contracts or minimum purchase commitments with any of our VAR or system integrator customers, and our contracts with these parties do not prohibit them from purchasing or offering products or services that compete with ours. Our competitors may be effective in providing incentives to our VAR and systems integrator customers to favor their products or to prevent or reduce sales of our products. Our VAR or systems integrator customers may choose not to purchase or offer our products. Our failure to establish and maintain successful relationships with VAR and systems integrator customers would likely materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our failure to adequately protect our proprietary rights may adversely affect us.
We currently hold 44 issued U.S. patents and 18 issued foreign patents, and have a number of patent applications pending. Although we attempt to protect our intellectual property rights through patents, trademarks, copyrights, licensing arrangements, maintaining certain technology as trade secrets and other measures, we cannot assure you that any patent, trademark, copyright or other intellectual property rights owned by us will not be invalidated, circumvented or challenged, that such intellectual property rights will provide competitive advantages to us or that any of our pending or future patent applications will be issued with the scope of the claims sought by us, if at all. We cannot assure you that others will not develop technologies that are similar or superior to our technology, duplicate our technology or design around the patents that we own. In addition, effective patent, copyright and trade secret protection may be unavailable or limited in certain foreign countries in which we do business or may do business in the future.
We believe that patents and patent applications are not currently significant to our business, and investors therefore should not rely on our patent portfolio to give us a competitive advantage over others in our industry. We believe that the future success of our business will depend on our ability to translate the technological expertise and innovation of our personnel into new and enhanced products. We generally enter into confidentiality or license agreements with our employees, consultants, vendors and customers as needed, and generally limit access to and distribution of our proprietary information. Nevertheless, we cannot assure you that the steps taken by us will prevent misappropriation of our technology. In addition, we have taken in the past, and may take in the future, legal action to enforce our patents and other intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could negatively affect our business, operating results, financial position or cash flows.
In order to successfully develop and market certain of our planned products, we may be required to enter into technology development or licensing agreements with third parties. Although many companies are often willing to enter into technology development or licensing agreements, we cannot assure you that such agreements will be negotiated on terms acceptable to us, or at all. The failure to enter into technology development or licensing agreements, when necessary or desirable, could limit our ability to develop and market new products and could cause our business to suffer.
Our products include third-party technology and intellectual property, and our inability to use that technology in the future could harm our business.
We incorporate certain third-party technologies, including software programs, into our products, and intend to utilize additional third-party technologies in the future. Licenses to relevant third-party technologies or updates to those technologies may not continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. In addition, the technologies that we license may not operate properly and we may not be able to secure alternatives in a timely manner, which could harm our business. We could face delays in product releases until alternative technology can be identified, licensed or developed, and integrated into our products, if we are able to do so at all. These delays, or a failure to secure or develop adequate technology, could materially and adversely affect our business.
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We or our customers may face intellectual property infringement claims from third parties.
Our industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and related litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. In particular, leading companies in the telecommunications industry have extensive patent portfolios. From time to time, third parties have asserted and may assert patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights against us or our customers. Our suppliers and customers may have similar claims asserted against them. A number of third parties, including companies with greater financial and other resources than us, have asserted patent rights to technologies that are important to us. Any future litigation, regardless of its outcome, could result in substantial expense and significant diversion of the efforts of our management and technical personnel. An adverse determination in any such proceeding could subject us to significant liabilities, temporary or permanent injunctions or require us to seek licenses from third parties or pay royalties that may be substantial. Furthermore, necessary licenses may not be available on satisfactory terms, or at all. An unfavorable outcome on any such litigation matters could require that Harmonic pay substantial damages, or, in connection with any intellectual property infringement claims, could require that we pay ongoing royalty payments or could prevent us from selling certain of our products and any such outcome could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial position or cash flows.
On July 3, 2003, Stanford University and Litton Systems (now Northrop Grumman Guidance and Electronics Company, Inc.) filed a complaint in U.S. District Court for the Central District of California alleging that optical fiber amplifiers incorporated into certain of our products infringe U.S. Patent No. 4859016. This patent expired in September 2003. The complaint sought injunctive relief, royalties and damages. On August 6, 2007, the District Court granted our motion to dismiss. The plaintiffs appealed this motion and on June 19, 2008 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit issued a decision which vacated the District Court’s decision and remanded for further proceedings. At a scheduling conference on October 6, 2008, the judge ordered the parties to mediation. Two mediation sessions were held in November and December 2008. Following the mediation sessions, Harmonic and Litton entered into a settlement agreement on January 15, 2009. The settlement agreement provides that in exchange for a one-time lump sum payment from Harmonic to Litton of $5 million, Litton (i) will not bring suit against Harmonic, any of its affiliates, customers, vendors, representatives, distributors, and its contract manufacturers from having any liability for making, using, offering for sale, importing, and/or selling any Harmonic products that may have incorporated technology that was alleged to have infringed on one or more of the relevant patents and (ii) would release Harmonic from any liability for making, using, selling any Harmonic products that may have infringed on such patents. Harmonic paid the settlement amount in January 2009.
Our suppliers and customers may have similar claims asserted against them. We have agreed to indemnify some of our suppliers and customers for alleged patent infringement. The scope of this indemnity varies, but, in some instances, includes indemnification for damages and expenses (including reasonable attorney’s fees).
We may be the subject of litigation which, if adversely determined, could harm our business and operating results.
In addition to the litigation discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we may be subject to claims arising in the normal course of business. An unfavorable outcome on any litigation matter could require that we pay substantial damages, or, in connection with any intellectual property infringement claims, could require that we pay ongoing royalty payments or could prevent us from selling certain of our products. In addition, we may decide to settle any litigation, which could cause us to incur significant costs. A settlement or an unfavorable outcome on any litigation matter could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial position or cash flows.
We are subject to import and export controls that could subject us to liability or impair our ability to compete in international markets.
Our products are subject to U.S. export controls and may be exported outside the United States only with the required level of export license or through an export license exception, in most cases because we incorporate encryption technology into our products. In addition, various countries regulate the import of certain technology and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our products or could limit our customers’ ability to implement our products in those countries. Changes in our products or changes in export and import regulations may
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create delays in the introduction of our products in international markets, prevent our customers with international operations from deploying our products throughout their global systems or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our products to certain countries altogether. Any change in export or import regulations or related legislation, shift in approach to the enforcement or scope of existing regulations, or change in the countries, persons or technologies targeted by such regulations, could result in decreased use of our products by, or in our decreased ability to export or sell our products to, existing or potential customers internationally.
In addition, we may be subject to customs duties and export quotas, which could have a significant impact on our revenue and profitability. While we have not encountered significant difficulties in connection with the sales of our products in international markets, the future imposition of significant increases in the level of customs duties or export quotas could have a material adverse effect on our business.
The ongoing threat of terrorism has created great uncertainty and may continue to harm our business.
Current conditions in the U.S. and global economies are uncertain. The terrorist attacks in the U.S. in 2001 and subsequent terrorist attacks in other parts of the world have created many economic and political uncertainties that have severely impacted the global economy, and have adversely affected our business. For example, following the 2001 terrorist attacks in the U.S., we experienced a further decline in demand for our products. The long-term effects of the attacks, the situation in the Middle East and the ongoing war on terrorism on our business and on the global economy remain unknown. Moreover, the potential for future terrorist attacks has created additional uncertainty and makes it difficult to estimate the stability and strength of the U.S. and other economies and the impact of economic conditions on our business.
The markets in which we, our customers and our suppliers operate are subject to the risk of earthquakes and other natural disasters.
Our headquarters and the majority of our operations are located in California, which is prone to earthquakes, and some of the other locations in which we, our customers and suppliers conduct business are prone to natural disasters. In the event that any of our business centers are affected by any such disasters, we may sustain damage to our operations and properties and suffer significant financial losses. Furthermore, we rely on third-party manufacturers for the production of many of our products, and any disruption in the business or operations of such manufacturers could adversely impact our business. In addition, if there is a major earthquake or other natural disaster in any of the locations in which our significant customers are located, we face the risk that our customers may incur losses, or sustained business interruption and/or loss which may materially impair their ability to continue their purchase of products from us. A major earthquake or other natural disaster in the markets in which we, our customers or suppliers operate could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Some anti-takeover provisions contained in our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and stockholder rights plan, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could impair a takeover attempt.
We have provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, each of which could have the effect of rendering more difficult or discouraging an acquisition deemed undesirable by our Board of Directors. These include provisions:
•	 	authorizing blank check preferred stock, which could be issued with voting, liquidation, dividend and other rights superior to our common stock;	

•	 	limiting the liability of, and providing indemnification to, our directors and officers;	

•	 	limiting the ability of our stockholders to call and bring business before special meetings;	

•	 	requiring advance notice of stockholder proposals for business to be conducted at meetings of our stockholders and for nominations of candidates for election to our Board of Directors;	

•	 	controlling the procedures for conduct and scheduling of Board and stockholder meetings; and	
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•	 	providing the Board of Directors with the express power to postpone previously scheduled annual meetings and to cancel previously scheduled special meetings.	
These provisions, alone or together, could delay hostile takeovers and changes in control or management of us.
In addition, we have adopted a stockholder rights plan. The rights are not intended to prevent a takeover of us, and we believe these rights will help our negotiations with any potential acquirers. However, if the Board of Directors believes that a particular acquisition is undesirable, the rights may have the effect of rendering more difficult or discouraging that acquisition. The rights would cause substantial dilution to a person or group that attempts to acquire us on terms or in a manner not approved by our Board of Directors, except pursuant to an offer conditioned upon redemption of the rights.
As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation law, which prevents some stockholders holding more than 15% of our outstanding common stock from engaging in certain business combinations without approval of the holders of substantially all of our outstanding common stock.
Any provision of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws, our stockholder rights plan or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.
Our common stock price may be extremely volatile, and the value of your investment may decline.
Our common stock price has been highly volatile. We expect that this volatility will continue in the future due to factors such as:
•	 	general market and economic conditions;	

•	 	actual or anticipated variations in operating results;	

•	 	announcements of technological innovations, new products or new services by us or by our competitors or customers;	

•	 	changes in financial estimates or recommendations by stock market analysts regarding us or our competitors;	

•	 	announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;	

•	 	announcements by our customers regarding end market conditions and the status of existing and future infrastructure network deployments;	

•	 	additions or departures of key personnel; and	

•	 	future equity or debt offerings or our announcements of these offerings.	
In addition, in recent years, the stock market in general, and the NASDAQ Stock Market and the securities of technology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. These fluctuations have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of individual companies. These broad market fluctuations have in the past and may in the future materially and adversely affect our stock price, regardless of our operating results. Investors may be unable to sell their shares of our common stock at or above the purchase price.
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Our stock price may decline if additional shares are sold in the market.
Future sales of substantial amounts of shares of our common stock by our existing stockholders in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline. In addition, we may be required to issue additional shares upon exercise of previously granted options that are currently outstanding. Increased sales of our common stock in the market after exercise of currently outstanding options could exert significant downward pressure on our stock price. These sales also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price we deem appropriate.
If securities analysts do not continue to publish research or reports about our business, or if they downgrade our stock, the price of our stock could decline.
The trading market for our common stock relies in part on the availability of research and reports that third-party industry or financial analysts publish about us. Further, if one or more of the analysts who do cover us downgrade our stock, our stock price may decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us, we could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause the liquidity of our stock and our stock price to decline.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
 	 	 	 	 	
Exhibit	 	 	
Number

	 	Exhibit Index

	
 	10.36	 	 	1995 Stock Plan Restricted Stock Unit Agreement	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	10.37	 	 	Amendment No. 5 to the Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated March 4, 2009, by and between Harmonic Inc. and Silicon Valley Bank	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	31.1	 	 	Section 302 Certification of Principal Executive Officer	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	31.2	 	 	Section 302 Certification of Principal Financial Officer	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	32.1	 	 	Section 906 Certification of Principal Executive Officer	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	32.2	 	 	Section 906 Certification of Principal Financial Officer	
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant, Harmonic Inc., a Delaware corporation, has duly caused this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Sunnyvale, State of California, on May 13, 2009.
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	HARMONIC INC.	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	By:	 	/s/ Robin N. Dickson	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	Robin N. Dickson
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	 	 	
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Exhibit	 	 	
Number

	 	Exhibit Index

	
 	10.36	 	 	1995 Stock Plan Restricted Stock Unit Agreement	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	10.37	 	 	Amendment No. 5 to the Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated March 4, 2009, by and between Harmonic Inc. and Silicon Valley Bank	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	31.1	 	 	Section 302 Certification of Principal Executive Officer	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	31.2	 	 	Section 302 Certification of Principal Financial Officer	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	32.1	 	 	Section 906 Certification of Principal Executive Officer	
 	 	 	 	 	
 	32.2	 	 	Section 906 Certification of Principal Financial Officer	
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Exhibit 10.36
HARMONIC INC.
1995 STOCK PLAN
RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AGREEMENT
     Unless otherwise defined herein, the terms defined in the Harmonic Inc. 1995 Stock Plan (the “Plan”) will have the same defined meanings in this Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (the “Agreement”).
     1. Grant. The Company hereby grants to Participant under the Plan an Award of Restricted Stock (denominated in units) (the “Restricted Stock Units”), subject to all of the terms and conditions in this Agreement, the related RSU Notice of Grant and the Plan, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. Subject to Section 19(c) of the Plan, in the event of a conflict between the terms and conditions of the Plan and the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the terms and conditions of the Plan will prevail.
     2. Company’s Obligation to Pay. Unless and until the Restricted Stock Units will have vested in the manner set forth in the related RSU Notice of Grant, paragraph 3 below or Section 17 of the Plan, Participant will have no right to payment of any Shares. Prior to actual payment of any vested Shares, such Restricted Stock Units will represent an unsecured obligation of the Company, payable (if at all) only from the general assets of the Company.
     3. Vesting Schedule and Issuance of Shares.
          (a) Subject to paragraphs 4 and 11, and Section 17 of the Plan, the Restricted Stock Units awarded by this Agreement will vest as to the number of units, and on the dates shown, as set forth in the related RSU Notice of Grant (each a “Vesting Date”), but only if the Participant will have been in Continuous Status as an Employee or Consultant from the date the Restricted Stock Units were granted until the date such vesting occurs. If the Participant is not in Continuous Status as an Employee or Consultant on such date(s), the Award shall terminate, as set forth in paragraph 4.
          (b) As soon as practical upon or following each Vesting Date (but, except as provided in this Agreement, in no event later than the later of (i) the end of the calendar year that includes the applicable Vesting Date and (ii) two and one-half (2 1 / 2 ) months following the applicable Vesting Date, subject to any six (6) month delay required by paragraph 8), one Share shall be issued for each unit of Restricted Stock that vests on such Vesting Date, subject to the terms and provisions of the Plan and this Agreement.
          (c)   (i) If the Administrator, in its discretion, accelerates the vesting of the balance, or some lesser portion of the balance, of the Award, the payment of such accelerated portion of the Award shall be made as soon as practicable after the new vesting date, but, except as provided in this Agreement, in no event later than two and one-half (2 1 / 2 ) months following the end of the Company’s taxable year in which the applicable Vesting Date occurs; provided,
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however, if the Award is “deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A, the payment of such accelerated portion of the Award nevertheless shall be made at the same time or times as if such Award had vested in accordance with the vesting schedule set forth in paragraph 3(a), including any necessary application of paragraph 8 (whether or not the Participant continues to provide services to the Company or a Parent or Subsidiary of the Company as of such date(s)), unless an earlier payment date, in the judgment of the Administrator, would not cause the Participant to incur an additional tax under Section 409A, in which case, payment of such accelerated Award shall be made within two and one-half (2 1 / 2 ) months following the earliest permissible payment date that would not cause the Participant to incur an additional tax under Section 409A, subject to paragraph 8 with respect to specified employees. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any delay in payment pursuant to this paragraph 3(c) will cease upon the Participant’s death and such payment will be made as soon as practicable after the date of Participant’s death. For purposes of this Agreement, “Section 409A” means Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and any proposed, temporary or final Treasury Regulations and Internal Revenue Service guidance thereunder, as each may be amended from time to time.
               (ii) If the vesting of all or a portion of this Award accelerates pursuant to (a) Section 17(c) of the Plan in the event of a merger or asset sale that is not a “change in control” within the meaning of Section 409A, or (b) pursuant to any other plan or agreement that provides for acceleration in the event of a merger or asset sale that is not a “change in control” within the meaning of Section 409A, then the payment of such accelerated portion of the Award (including any new or additional Awards existing as a result of paragraph 11 of this Agreement) will be made in accordance with the timing of payment rules that apply to discretionary accelerations under paragraph 3(c)(i). If the vesting of all or a portion of this Award accelerates in the event of a merger or asset sale that is a “change in control” within the meaning of Section 409A, then the payment of such accelerated portion of the Award (including any new or additional Awards existing as a result of paragraph 11 of this Agreement) will be made within two and one-half (2 1 / 2 ) months of the merger or asset sale.
          (d) No fractional Shares shall be issued under this Agreement.
     4. Forfeiture upon Termination of Continuous Status as an Employee or Consultant. Except as provided in paragraph 3, if the Participant’s Continuous Status as an Employee or Consultant terminates for any or no reason prior to vesting, the unvested Restricted Stock Units awarded by this Agreement will thereupon be forfeited and automatically transferred to and reacquired by the Company at no cost to the Company and the Participant’s right to acquire any Shares hereunder will immediately terminate.
     5. Payments after Death. Any distribution or delivery to be made to the Participant under this Agreement will, if the Participant is then deceased, be made to the Participant’s designated beneficiary, or if no beneficiary survives the Participant, the administrator or executor of the Participant’s estate. Any such transferee must furnish the Company with (a) written notice of his or her status as transferee, and (b) evidence satisfactory to the Company to establish the validity of the transfer and compliance with any laws or regulations pertaining to said transfer.
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     6. Withholding of Taxes. Notwithstanding any contrary provision of this Agreement, no certificate representing the Shares will be issued to the Participant, unless and until satisfactory arrangements (as determined by the Administrator) will have been made by the Participant with respect to the payment of income, employment and other taxes which the Company determines must be withheld with respect to such Shares. The Administrator, in its sole discretion and pursuant to such procedures as it may specify from time to time, may permit the Participant to satisfy such tax withholding obligation, in whole or in part (without limitation) by (a) paying cash, or (b) electing to have the Company withhold otherwise deliverable Shares having a Fair Market Value equal to the minimum amount required to be withheld. To the extent determined appropriate by the Company in its discretion, it will have the right (but not the obligation) to satisfy any tax withholding obligations by reducing the number of Shares otherwise deliverable to the Participant. If the Participant fails to make satisfactory arrangements for the payment of any required tax withholding obligations hereunder at the time any applicable Restricted Stock Units otherwise are scheduled to vest pursuant to paragraph 3, the Participant will permanently forfeit such Restricted Stock Units and any right to receive Shares thereunder and the Restricted Stock Units will be returned to the Company at no cost to the Company.
     7. Rights as Stockholder. Neither the Participant nor any person claiming under or through the Participant will have any of the rights or privileges of a stockholder of the Company in respect of any Shares deliverable hereunder unless and until certificates representing such Shares will have been issued, recorded on the records of the Company or its transfer agents or registrars, and delivered to the Participant. After such issuance, recordation and delivery, the Participant will have all the rights of a stockholder of the Company with respect to voting such Shares and receipt of dividends and distributions on such Shares.
     8. Code Section 409A. Notwithstanding anything in the Plan or this Agreement to the contrary, if the vesting of the balance, or some lesser portion of the balance, of the Restricted Stock Units are accelerated in connection with the Participant’s termination of Continuous Status as an Employee or Consultant, such accelerated Restricted Stock Units will not be payable until and unless the Participant has a “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A. Further, and notwithstanding anything in the Plan or this Agreement to the contrary, if any such accelerated Restricted Stock Units would otherwise become payable upon a “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A, and if (x) the Participant is a “specified employee” within the meaning of Section 409A at the time of such “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A (other than due to the Participant’s death) and (y) the payment of all or a portion of such accelerated Restricted Stock Units would result in the imposition of additional tax under Section 409A if paid to the Participant on or within the six (6) month period following the Participant’s “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A, then the payment of the portion of such accelerated Restricted Stock Units that would result in the additional tax imposition will not be made until the date six (6) months and one (1) day following the date of the Participant’s “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A, unless the Participant dies following his or her termination of Continuous Status as an Employee or Consultant, in which case the Restricted Stock Units will be paid in Shares to the Participant’s estate as soon as practicable following his or her death (and in all cases within
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ninety (90) days of Participant’s death). It is the intent of this Agreement to comply with the requirements of Section 409A so that none of the Restricted Stock Units provided under this Agreement or Shares issuable thereunder will be subject to the additional tax imposed under Section 409A, and any ambiguities herein will be interpreted to so comply.
     9. No Guarantee of Continued Service. PARTICIPANT ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT THE VESTING OF THE RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS PURSUANT TO THE VESTING SCHEDULE HEREOF IS EARNED ONLY BY REMAINING IN CONTINUOUS STATUS AS AN EMPLOYEE OR CONSULTANT AT THE WILL OF THE COMPANY AND NOT THROUGH THE ACT OF BEING HIRED, BEING GRANTED THIS AWARD OF RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS OR ACQUIRING SHARES HEREUNDER. PARTICIPANT FURTHER ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT THIS AGREEMENT, THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREUNDER AND THE VESTING SCHEDULE SET FORTH HEREIN DO NOT CONSTITUTE AN EXPRESS OR IMPLIED PROMISE OF CONTINUED SERVICE WITH THE COMPANY FOR THE VESTING PERIOD, FOR ANY PERIOD, OR AT ALL, AND WILL NOT INTERFERE IN ANY WAY WITH PARTICIPANT’S RIGHT OR THE RIGHT OF THE COMPANY TO TERMINATE PARTICIPANT’S RELATIONSHIP WITH THE COMPANY AT ANY TIME, WITH OR WITHOUT CAUSE.
     10. Address for Notices. Any notice to be given to the Company under the terms of this Agreement will be addressed to the Company, in care of its Vice President, Human Resources at Harmonic Inc., 549 Baltic Way, Sunnyvale, California, 94089, or at such other address as the Company may hereafter designate in writing.
     11. Changes in Restricted Stock Units. In the event that as a result of a stock or extraordinary cash dividend, stock split, distribution, reclassification, recapitalization, combination of Shares or the adjustment in capital stock of the Company or otherwise, or as a result of a merger, consolidation, spin-off or other corporate transaction or event, the Restricted Stock Units will be increased, reduced or otherwise affected, and by virtue of any such event the Participant will in his or her capacity as owner of unvested Restricted Stock Units which have been awarded to him or her (the “Prior Restricted Stock Units”) be entitled to new or additional or different shares of stock, cash or other securities or property (other than rights or warrants to purchase securities), such new or additional or different shares, cash or securities or property will thereupon be considered to be unvested Restricted Stock Units and will be subject to all of the conditions and restrictions that were applicable to the Prior Restricted Stock Units pursuant to this Agreement and the Plan. If the Participant receives rights or warrants with respect to any Prior Restricted Stock Units, such rights or warrants may be held or exercised by the Participant, provided that until such exercise any such rights or warrants and after such exercise any shares or other securities acquired by the exercise of such rights or warrants will be considered to be unvested Restricted Stock Units and will be subject to all of the conditions and restrictions which were applicable to the Prior Restricted Stock Units pursuant to the Plan and this Agreement. The Administrator in its absolute discretion at any time may accelerate the vesting of all or any portion of such new or additional shares of stock, cash or securities, rights or warrants to purchase securities or shares or other securities acquired by the exercise of such rights or
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warrants; provided, however, that the payment of such accelerated new or additional awards shall be made in accordance with the timing of payment rules under paragraph 3(c)(i).
     12. Acknowledgments.
          Participant acknowledges the following:
          (a) The Company (whether or not Participant’s employer) is granting the Award. The grant of the Award, future grants of Awards, and benefits and rights provided under the Plan are at the complete discretion of the Company and do not constitute regular or periodic payments. No grant of Awards will be deemed to create any obligation to grant any further Awards, whether or not such a reservation is explicitly stated at the time of such a grant. The benefits and rights provided under the Plan are not to be considered part of Participant’s salary or compensation for purposes of calculating any severance, resignation, redundancy or other end of service payments, vacation, bonuses, long-term service awards, indemnification, pension or retirement benefits, or any other payments, benefits or rights of any kind. Participant waives any and all rights to compensation or damages as a result of the termination of employment with the Company or its subsidiaries for any reason whatsoever insofar as those rights result or may result from:
               (i) the loss or diminution in value of such rights under the Plan, or
               (ii) Participant ceasing to have any rights under, or ceasing to be entitled to any rights under the Plan as a result of such termination.
          (b) The Company has the right, at any time to amend, suspend or terminate the Plan. The Plan will not be deemed to constitute, and will not be construed by Participant to constitute, part of the terms and conditions of employment, and that the Company will not incur any liability of any kind to Participant as a result of any change or amendment, or any cancellation, of the Plan at any time.
          (c) The Participant’s employment with the Company and/or its Subsidiaries is not affected at all by any Award and it is agreed by the Participant not to create an entitlement. Accordingly, the terms of the Participant’s employment with the Company and/or its Subsidiaries will be determined from time to time by the Company or the Subsidiary employing the Participant (as the case may be), and the Company or the Subsidiary will have the right, which is hereby expressly reserved, to terminate or change the terms of the employment of the Participant at any time for any reason whatsoever, with or without good cause or notice, except as may be expressly prohibited by the laws of the jurisdiction in which the Participant is employed.
          (d) By entering into this Agreement, and as a condition of the grant of the Award, Participant consents to the collection, use, and transfer of personal data as described in this subsection to the full extent permitted by and in full compliance with Applicable Law.
               (i) Participant understands that the Company and its Subsidiaries hold certain personal information about the Participant, including, but not limited to, name, home
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address and telephone number, date of birth, social insurance number, salary, nationality, job title, any Shares or directorships held in the Company, details of all Awards or other entitlement to Shares awarded, canceled, exercised, vested, unvested, or outstanding in Participant’s favor, for the purpose of managing and administering the Plan (“Data”).
               (ii) Participant further understands that the Company and/or its Subsidiaries will transfer Data among themselves as necessary for the purposes of implementation, administration, and management of Participant’s participation in the Plan, and that the Company and/or its Subsidiary may each further transfer Data to any third parties assisting the Company in the implementation, administration, and management of the Plan (“Data Recipients”).
               (iii) Participant understands that these Data Recipients may be located in Participant’s country of residence or elsewhere, such as the United States. Participant authorizes the Data Recipients to receive, possess, use, retain, and transfer Data in electronic or other form, for the purposes of implementing, administering, and managing Participant’s participation in the Plan, including any transfer of such Data, as may be required for Plan administration and/or the subsequent holding of Shares on Participant’s behalf, to a broker or third party with whom the Shares acquired on exercise may be deposited.
               (iv) Participant understands that Participant may, at any time, review the Data, request that any necessary amendments be made to it, or withdraw Participant’s consent herein in writing by contacting the Company. Participant further understands that withdrawing consent may affect Participant’s ability to participate in the Plan.
          (e) Choice of Language.
               Participant has received this Agreement and any other related communications (including the Notice of Grant) and consents to having received these documents solely in English.
     13. Grant is Not Transferable. Except to the limited extent provided in paragraph 5, this grant and the rights and privileges conferred hereby will not be transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated in any way (whether by operation of law or otherwise) and will not be subject to sale under execution, attachment or similar process. Upon any attempt to transfer, assign, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of this grant, or any right or privilege conferred hereby, or upon any attempted sale under any execution, attachment or similar process, this grant and the rights and privileges conferred hereby immediately will become null and void.
     14. Binding Agreement. Subject to the limitation on the transferability of this grant contained herein, this Agreement will be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the heirs, legatees, legal representatives, successors and assigns of the parties hereto.
     15. Restrictions on Sale of Securities. The Shares issued as payment for vested Restricted Stock Units under this Agreement will be registered under U.S. federal securities laws and will be freely tradable upon receipt. However, the Participant’s subsequent sale of the Shares
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may be subject to any market blackout-period that may be imposed by the Company and must comply with the Company’s insider trading policies, and any other applicable securities laws.
     16. Additional Conditions to Issuance of Stock. If at any time the Company will determine, in its discretion, that the listing, registration or qualification of the Shares upon any securities exchange or under any state or federal law, or the consent or approval of any governmental regulatory authority is necessary or desirable as a condition to the issuance of Shares to Participant (or his or her estate), such issuance will not occur unless and until such listing, registration, qualification, consent or approval will have been effected or obtained free of any conditions not acceptable to the Company. The Company will make all reasonable efforts to meet the requirements of any such state or federal law or securities exchange and to obtain any such consent or approval of any such governmental authority.
     17. Plan Governs. This Agreement is subject to all terms and provisions of the Plan. In the event of a conflict between one or more provisions of this Agreement and one or more provisions of the Plan, the provisions of the Plan will govern. Capitalized terms used and not defined in this Agreement will have the meaning set forth in the Plan.
     18. Administrator Authority. The Administrator will have the power to interpret the Plan and this Agreement and to adopt such rules for the administration, interpretation and application of the Plan as are consistent therewith and to interpret or revoke any such rules (including, but not limited to, the determination of whether or not any Restricted Stock Units have vested). All actions taken and all interpretations and determinations made by the Administrator in good faith will be final and binding upon the Participant, the Company and all other interested persons. No member of the Administrator will be personally liable for any action, determination or interpretation made in good faith with respect to the Plan or this Agreement.
     19. Electronic Delivery. The Company may, in its sole discretion, decide to deliver any documents related to Restricted Stock Units awarded under the Plan or future Restricted Stock Units that may be awarded under the Plan by electronic means or request the Participant’s consent to participate in the Plan by electronic means. Participant hereby consents to receive such documents by electronic delivery and agrees to participate in the Plan through any on-line or electronic system established and maintained by the Company or another third party designated by the Company.
     20. Captions. Captions provided herein are for convenience only and are not to serve as a basis for interpretation or construction of this Agreement.
     21. Agreement Severable. In the event that any provision in this Agreement will be held invalid or unenforceable, such provision will be severable from, and such invalidity or unenforceability will not be construed to have any effect on, the remaining provisions of this Agreement.
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     22. Modifications to the Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire understanding of the parties on the subjects covered. Participant expressly warrants that he or she is not accepting this Agreement in reliance on any promises, representations, or inducements other than those contained herein. Modifications to this Agreement or the Plan can be made only in an express written contract executed by a duly authorized officer of the Company. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan or this Agreement, the Company may amend this Agreement as necessary to comply with Section 409A or to otherwise avoid imposition of any additional tax or income recognition under Section 409A in connection to this award of Restricted Stock Units.
     23. Amendment, Suspension or Termination of the Plan. By accepting this Award, the Participant expressly warrants that he or she has received an Award of Restricted Stock Units under the Plan, and has received, read and understood a description of the Plan. Participant understands that the Plan is discretionary in nature and may be amended, suspended or terminated by the Company at any time.
     24. Governing Law. This Agreement will be governed by the laws of the State of California, without giving effect to the conflict of law principles thereof. For purposes of litigating any dispute that arises under this Award of Restricted Stock Units or this Agreement, the parties hereby submit to and consent to the jurisdiction of the State of California ,  and agree that such litigation will be conducted in the courts of Santa Clara County, California ,  or the federal courts for the United States for the Northern District of California, and no other courts, where this Award of Restricted Stock Units is made and/or to be performed.
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Exhibit 10.37
AMENDMENT NO. 5
TO
SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT
     THIS AMENDMENT NO. 5 to Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (this “ Amendment ”) is entered as of the 4th day of March, 2009, by and between Silicon Valley Bank (“ Bank ”) and Harmonic, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ Borrower ”) whose address is 549 Baltic Way, Sunnyvale, California 94089.
RECITALS
     A. Bank and Borrower have entered into that certain Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated as of December 17, 2004, as amended by that certain First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated December 16, 2005, that certain Amendment No. 2 to Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated December 15, 2006, that certain Amendment No. 3 to Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated March 15, 2007 and as amended by that certain Amendment No. 4 to Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement dated March 12, 2008 (as may be further amended, modified, supplemented or restated, the “ Loan Agreement ”).
     B. Bank has extended credit to Borrower for the purposes permitted in the Loan Agreement.
     C. Borrower has requested that Bank amend the Loan Agreement to extend the maturity date.
     D. Bank has agreed to so amend certain provisions of the Loan Agreement, but only to the extent, in accordance with the terms, subject to the conditions and in reliance upon the representations and warranties set forth below.
AGREEMENT
     NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing recitals and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which is hereby acknowledged, and intending to be legally bound, the parties hereto agree as follows:
          1. Definitions. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this Amendment shall have the meanings given to them in the Loan Agreement.
          2. Amendment to Loan Agreement.
               2.1 Section 6.2 (Financial Statements, Reports, Certificates). Section 6.2(b) is amended and restated in its entirety and replaced with the following:
          (b) Borrower will deliver to Bank a Compliance Certificate with the quarterly financial statements within 45 days after the last day of each of the first three

 
fiscal quarters and a Compliance Certificate upon the earlier of delivery of the report on Form 10-K or 120 days after the last day of the fourth quarter of the fiscal year.
               2.2 Section 13 (Definitions). The following term and its definition set forth in Section 13.1 is amended in its entirety and replaced with the following:
          “Maturity Date” is March 3, 2010.
               2.3 Exhibit C. Exhibit C to the Loan Agreement is replaced in its entirety by Exhibit A hereto.
          3. Limitation of Amendments.
               3.1 The amendments set forth in Section 2, above, are effective for the purposes set forth herein and shall be limited precisely as written and shall not be deemed to (a) be a consent to any amendment, waiver or modification of any other term or condition of any Loan Document, or (b) otherwise prejudice any right or remedy which Bank may now have or may have in the future under or in connection with any Loan Document.
               3.2 This Amendment shall be construed in connection with and as part of the Loan Documents and all terms, conditions, representations, warranties, covenants and agreements set forth in the Loan Documents, except as herein amended, are hereby ratified and confirmed and shall remain in full force and effect.
          4. Representations and Warranties. To induce Bank to enter into this Amendment, Borrower hereby represents and warrants to Bank as follows:
               4.1 Immediately after giving effect to this Amendment (a) the representations and warranties contained in the Loan Documents are true, accurate and complete in all material respects as of the date hereof (except to the extent such representations and warranties relate to an earlier date, in which case they are true and correct as of such date), and (b) no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing;
               4.2 Borrower has the power and authority to execute and deliver this Amendment and to perform its obligations under the Loan Agreement, as amended by this Amendment;
               4.3 The organizational documents of Borrower delivered to Bank on December 17, 2004 remain true, accurate and complete and have not been amended, supplemented or restated and are and continue to be in full force and effect;
               4.4 The execution and delivery by Borrower of this Amendment and the performance by Borrower of its obligations under the Loan Agreement, as amended by this Amendment, have been duly authorized;
2

 
               4.5 The execution and delivery by Borrower of this Amendment and the performance by Borrower of its obligations under the Loan Agreement, as amended by this Amendment, do not and will not contravene (a) any law or regulation binding on or affecting Borrower, (b) any contractual restriction with a Person binding on Borrower, (c) any order, judgment or decree of any court or other governmental or public body or authority, or subdivision thereof, binding on Borrower, or (d) the organizational documents of Borrower;
               4.6 The execution and delivery by Borrower of this Amendment and the performance by Borrower of its obligations under the Loan Agreement, as amended by this Amendment, do not require any order, consent, approval, license, authorization or validation of, or filing, recording or registration with, or exemption by any governmental or public body or authority, or subdivision thereof, binding on either Borrower, except as already has been obtained or made; and
               4.7 This Amendment has been duly executed and delivered by Borrower and is the binding obligation of Borrower, enforceable against Borrower in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, liquidation, moratorium or other similar laws of general application and equitable principles relating to or affecting creditors’ rights.
          5. Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in any number of counterparts and all of such counterparts taken together shall be deemed to constitute one and the same instrument.
          6. Effectiveness. This Amendment shall be deemed effective as of March 4, 2009 upon (a) the due execution and delivery to Bank of this Amendment by each party hereto and (b) Borrower’s payment to Bank of all Bank Expenses (including all reasonable attorneys’ fees and reasonable expenses) incurred through the date of this Amendment.
[Signature page follows.]
3

 
     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Amendment to be duly executed and delivered as of the date first written above.
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
BANK	 	 	 	 	 	BORROWER	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Silicon Valley Bank	 	 	 	Harmonic, Inc.	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
By:	 	/s/ Nick Tsiagkas
 	 	 	 	By:	 	/s/ Robin N. Dickson
 	 	 	
Name:	 	Nick Tsiagkas	 	 	 	Name:	 	Robin N. Dickson	 	 	
Title:	 	Relationship Manager — Corporate	 	 	 	Title:	 	CFO	 	 	
 	 	Technology Banking	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
[Signature page to Amendment No. 5]

 
EXHIBIT A
COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE
 	 	 	
TO:	 	SILICON VALLEY BANK
3003 Tasman Drive
Santa Clara, CA 95054	
 	 	 	
FROM:	 	HARMONIC INC.
549 Baltic Way
Sunnyvale, CA 94089	
     The undersigned authorized officer of HARMONIC INC. (“Borrower”) certifies that under the terms and conditions of the Loan and Security Agreement between Borrower and Bank (the “Agreement”), (i) Borrower is in complete compliance for the period ending                        with all required covenants, except as noted below, and (ii) all representations and warranties in the Agreement are true and correct in all material respects on this date. Attached are the required documents supporting the certification. The undersigned officer certifies that such documents were prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) consistently applied from one period to the next, except as explained in an accompanying letter or footnotes. The undersigned officer acknowledges that no borrowings may be requested at any time or date of determination that Borrower is not in compliance with any of the terms of the Agreement, and that compliance is determined not just at the date this certificate is delivered.
Please indicate compliance status by circling Yes/No under “Complies” column.
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Reporting Covenant	 	Required	 	Complies	
Compliance certificate	 	Quarterly within 45 days,except together
with report on Form 10-K following Q4	 	Yes	 	No	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Quarterly financial statements	 	Quarterly within 45 days	 	Yes	 	No	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Annual financial statements (Audited)	 	FYE within 120 days	 	Yes	 	No	

Financial Covenant	 	Required	 	Actual	 	Complies	
Maintain at all times:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrestricted cash and cash equivalents	 	$40,000,000	 	 	 	 	Yes	 	No	
Comments Regarding Exceptions: See Attached.
Sincerely,
 	 	 	
HARMONIC INC.	 	 	
 	 	 	
  SIGNATURE	 	 	
 	 	 	
  TITLE	 	 	
 	 	 	
  DATE	 	 	
BANK USE ONLY
 	 	 	
Received by:	 	 	
 	 	 	
 	 	AUTHORIZED SIGNER	
 	 	 	
Date:	 	 	

Verified:	 	 	
 	 	 	
 	 	AUTHORIZED SIGNER	
 	 	 	
Date:	 	 	

Compliance Status:                                 Yes     No	

Exhibit 31.1
Harmonic Inc.
Certification of Principal Executive Officer
Pursuant to Section 302 of
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Patrick J. Harshman, certify that:
1.	 	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Harmonic Inc.:	
 	 	 	
2.	 	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;	
 	 	 	
3.	 	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;	
 	 	 	
4.	 	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:	

 	a)	 	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;	
 	 	 	 	
 	b)	 	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	
 	 	 	 	
 	c)	 	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and	
 	 	 	 	
 	d)	 	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and	

5.	 	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	

 	a)	 	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and	
 	 	 	 	
 	b)	 	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.	
 	 	 	 	 	
Date: May 13, 2009 	By:  	/s/ Patrick J. Harshman  	 	
 	 	Patrick J. Harshman 	 	
 	 	President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer) 	 	

Exhibit 31.2
Harmonic Inc.
Certification of Principal Financial Officer
Pursuant to Section 302 of
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Robin N. Dickson, certify that:
1.	 	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Harmonic Inc.:	
 	 	 	
2.	 	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;	
 	 	 	
3.	 	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;	
 	 	 	
4.	 	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:	

 	a)	 	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;	
 	 	 	 	
 	b)	 	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;	
 	 	 	 	
 	c)	 	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and	
 	 	 	 	
 	d)	 	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and	

5.	 	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):	

 	a)	 	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and	
 	 	 	 	
 	b)	 	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.	
 	 	 	 	 	
Date: May 13, 2009 	By:  	/s/ Robin N. Dickson  	 	
 	 	Robin N. Dickson 	 	
 	 	Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer) 	 	

 	 	 	 	 	
Exhibit 32.1
Harmonic Inc.
Certification of Principal Executive Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
As of the date hereof, I, Patrick J. Harshman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Harmonic Inc. (the “Company”), certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the quarterly report of the Company on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 3, 2009, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and that information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. This written statement is being furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit accompanying such Report and shall not be deemed filed pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Date: May 13, 2009
 	 	 	 	 	
 	/s/ Patrick J. Harshman  	 	
 	Patrick J. Harshman 	 	
 	President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer) 	 	

 	 	 	 	 	
Exhibit 32.2
Harmonic Inc.
Certification of Principal Financial Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
As of the date hereof, I, Robin N. Dickson, Chief Financial Officer of Harmonic Inc. (the “Company”), certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the quarterly report of the Company on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 3, 2009, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and that information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. This written statement is being furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit accompanying such Report and shall not be deemed filed pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Date: May 13, 2009
 	 	 	 	 	
 	/s/ Robin N. Dickson  	 	
 	Robin N. Dickson 	 	
 	Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)