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Dear Stockholders of Harmonic Inc:

You are cordially invited to attend the 2023 annual meeting of stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) of Harmonic Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), which will be held on Friday, June 23, 2023, at 9:30 a.m., Pacific Time. The Annual Meeting will be a virtual meeting held over the Internet. You will be able to attend the Annual Meeting, vote your shares electronically and submit your questions during the live webcast of the meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/HLIT2023 and entering your 16-digit control number located on your proxy card. The meeting will address the following items of business:

The foregoing items of business are more fully described in the Proxy Statement accompanying this notice. All stockholders of record at the close of business on Monday, April 24, 2023, are entitled to notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting and any adjournment or postponement thereof.

On or about April 28, 2023, we expect to send to our stockholders a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials containing instructions on how to access our proxy materials. Unless you have previously requested to receive our proxy materials in paper form or by email, you will receive a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials. Stockholders who continue to receive paper copies of proxy materials may elect to receive future proxy materials via electronic delivery by enrolling at www.proxyvote.com.

San Jose, California

April 28, 2023

YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT. Whether or not you plan to attend the virtual meeting we urge you to submit your vote via the Internet, telephone or mail as soon as possible to ensure your shares are represented. Please refer to your proxy card for additional instructions on voting via the Internet or by telephone. Even if you have voted by proxy, you may still vote in person by attending the virtual meeting.

This proxy statement and the enclosed form of proxy card are furnished in connection with the solicitation of proxies by and on behalf of the Board of Directors (the “Board of Directors” or the “Board”) of Harmonic Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Harmonic,” “we” or the “Company”), for use at the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and any adjournment(s), postponement(s) or other delays thereof (the “Annual Meeting”) to be held virtually on Friday, June 23, 2023, at 9:30 a.m. Pacific Time, for the purposes set forth herein and in the accompanying Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders. You will be able to attend the Annual Meeting, vote your shares electronically and submit your questions during the live webcast of the meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/HLIT2023 and entering your 16-digit control number located on your proxy card.

Under rules adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), we are furnishing proxy materials to our stockholders primarily via the Internet, instead of mailing printed copies of those materials to each stockholder. On or about April 28, 2023, we expect to send to our stockholders (other than those who previously requested electronic or paper delivery) a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials (the “E-Proxy Notice”) containing instructions on how to access our proxy materials, including our proxy statement (the “Proxy Statement”) and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Annual Report”). The E-Proxy Notice also instructs you on how to access your proxy card to vote through the Internet or by telephone.

Stockholders as of the close of business on April 24, 2023 (the “Record Date”) are entitled to notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting. As of the Record Date, 111,355,319 shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), were issued and outstanding.

Stockholder of Record – Shares Registered in Your Name. If, on the Record Date, your shares were registered directly in your name with our transfer agent, Computershare Investor Services, then you are considered the stockholder of record with respect to those shares. As a stockholder of record, you may vote at the Annual Meeting or vote by proxy. Whether or not you plan to attend the virtual Annual Meeting, we urge you to vote over the Internet or by telephone, or if you received paper proxy materials by mail, by filling out and returning the proxy card in the enclosed postage-paid envelope.

A list of stockholders eligible to vote at the Annual Meeting will be available for review during our regular business hours at our principal executive offices for the ten days prior to the Annual Meeting for any purpose related to the Annual Meeting. If you would like to view the list, please contact our corporate secretary to schedule an appointment by writing to Harmonic Inc., 2590 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, California 95131, Attention: Corporate Secretary.

Beneficial Owner – Shares Registered in the Name of a Broker or Nominee. If, on the Record Date, your shares were held in an account with a brokerage firm, bank or other nominee, then you are the beneficial owner of the shares held in street name. As a beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your nominee on how to vote the shares held in your account, and it has enclosed or provided voting instructions for you to use in directing it on how to vote your shares. However, the organization that holds your shares is considered the stockholder of record for purposes of voting at the Annual Meeting. Because you are not the stockholder of record, you may not vote your shares at the Annual Meeting unless you request and obtain a valid proxy from the organization that holds your shares giving you the right to vote the shares at the Annual Meeting.

If you are a stockholder of record you may vote by proxy or electronically at the Annual Meeting. To vote by proxy, you may vote via the Internet or by telephone by following the instructions provided on the E-Proxy Notice or proxy card, or if you received a paper proxy card and voting instructions by mail, you should sign, date and return the enclosed proxy card in the enclosed postage-paid envelope before the Annual Meeting.

If you are a beneficial owner and not the stockholder of record, please refer to the voting instructions provided by your nominee to direct it on how to vote your shares.

Any proxy may be revoked by the person giving it at any time before its use at the Annual Meeting by delivering to the Secretary of the Company, at the Company’s principal offices at 2590 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, California 95131, a written notice of revocation or a signed proxy bearing a later date, or by voting on a later date by telephone or via the Internet. If you attend the virtual Annual Meeting and vote electronically, any previously submitted proxy will be revoked.

Please note, however, that if you are a beneficial owner and you wish to change or revoke your proxy, you may change your vote by submitting new voting instructions to your broker, bank or other nominee in accordance with their operating procedures or, if you have obtained a legal proxy from your broker, bank or other nominee giving you the right to vote your shares at the Annual Meeting, by attending the virtual Annual Meeting and voting electronically.

Each stockholder is entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock held as of the Record Date on all matters presented at the Annual Meeting. Stockholders do not have the right to cumulate their votes in the election of directors.

The holders of a majority in voting power of the Common Stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting, present in person or represented by proxy, constitutes a quorum for action at the Annual Meeting. Shares that reflect abstentions and broker non-votes count as present at the Annual Meeting for the purposes of determining a quorum.

Proposal 1 – Majority vote for a Director’s election. The Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines provide that, in the case of an uncontested election (i.e., an election where the number of director nominees is not greater than the number of directors to be elected), a nominee shall be elected by the affirmative vote of the majority of the votes cast by holders of Common Stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy at a meeting for the election of directors at which a quorum is present. For this purpose, the “affirmative vote of the majority of the votes cast” means the number of shares voted “FOR” a director’s election exceeds the number of shares “AGAINST” with respect to that director’s election. In a contested election (i.e., an election where the number of nominees is greater than the number of directors to be elected), a nominee shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast.

Proposals 2, 3 and 4 – Majority vote. The advisory vote on named executive officer compensation (Proposal 2 in this Proxy Statement), the amendment to the Company’s 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Proposal 3 in this Proxy Statement), and the ratification of the appointment of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm (Proposal 4 in this Proxy Statement) each require the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the Common Stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the proposal.

Treatment of abstentions and broker non-votes. In the election of directors (Proposal 1 in this Proxy Statement), abstentions and broker non-votes will be disregarded and have no effect on the outcome of the vote. With respect to Proposals 2, 3 and 4 in this Proxy Statement, abstentions will have the same effect as voting against the proposal and broker non-votes, if any, will be disregarded and have no effect on the outcome of the vote.

Meaning of “broker non-votes.” If you hold shares beneficially in street name (that is, in an account at a bank or broker) and do not provide your bank or broker with voting instructions, your shares may constitute “broker non-votes.” Broker non-votes occur on a matter when a bank or broker is not permitted to vote on that matter without instructions from the beneficial owner and instructions are not given. These matters are referred to as “non-routine” matters. All of the matters scheduled to be voted on at the Annual Meeting are “non-routine,” except for the ratification of the appointment of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm (Proposal 4 in this Proxy Statement).

The Company will bear the cost of soliciting proxies, including the preparation, assembly, Internet hosting, printing and mailing of the E-Proxy Notice, this Proxy Statement, the proxy card and any other proxy materials furnished to stockholders by the Company in connection with the Annual Meeting. In addition, the Company may reimburse brokerage firms and other persons representing beneficial owners of shares for their expenses in forwarding the proxy materials to such beneficial owners. Solicitation of proxies by mail may be supplemented by telephone, facsimile, email, Internet or personal solicitation by directors, officers, employees or independent contractors of the Company. Other than for any such independent contractors, no additional compensation will be paid to such persons for such services.

If you receive more than one proxy card or E-Proxy Notice, your shares are registered in more than one name or are registered in different accounts. To make certain all of your shares are voted, please follow the instructions included on the E-Proxy Notice on how to access each proxy card and vote each proxy card over the Internet or by telephone. If you received paper proxy materials by mail, please complete, sign and return each proxy card to ensure that all of your shares are voted.

Proposals of stockholders of the Company that are intended to be presented by such stockholders at our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders and that stockholders desire to have included in the Company’s proxy materials relating to such meeting pursuant to Rule 14a-8 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), must be received by Harmonic at its principal offices at 2590 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, California 95131, Attention: Corporate Secretary, no later than December 30, 2023. Any such proposals of stockholders must be in compliance with applicable laws and regulations in order to be considered for possible inclusion in the Company’s proxy materials for that meeting.

Proposals of stockholders of the Company that are intended to be presented by such stockholders at our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders and that such stockholders do not desire to have included in the Company’s proxy materials for that meeting must be received in writing by Harmonic at its principal offices at 2590 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, California 95131, Attention: Corporate Secretary, no earlier than February 24, 2024 and no later than March 25, 2024.

However, if the date of our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders occurs more than 25 days before or after June 23, 2024, then notice of a stockholder proposal that is not intended for inclusion in our proxy statement under Rule 14a-8 must be received by the Company no earlier than the 120^th day before our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders and no later than the close of business on the later of (i) the 90^th day prior to date of our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders or (ii) if the first public announcement of our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders is less than 100 days prior to the date of such annual meeting, the 10^th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders is first made.

Furthermore, any stockholder’s notice of business to be brought before an annual meeting must set forth, as to each proposed matter, the information required for such proposed matter under Section 2.5(a)(iii) of the Company’s amended and restated bylaws (the “Bylaws”). In addition, to be timely and in proper written form, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary of the Company must be updated and supplemented, if necessary, so that the information provide or required to be provided in such notice by the Bylaws is true and correct as of the Record Date, within the time period as described in Section 2.5(a)(iii) of the Bylaws. A copy of the pertinent provisions of the Bylaws is available upon request to Harmonic Inc., 2590 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, California 95131, Attention: Corporate Secretary, or can be accessed from the Company’s filings with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

In addition to satisfying the requirements of the Bylaws, including the earlier notice deadlines set forth above and therein, to comply with universal proxy rules, stockholders who intend to solicit proxies in support of director nominees (other than our nominees) must also provide notice that sets forth the information required by Rule 14a-19 of the Exchange Act, no later than April 24, 2024.

If a stockholder gives notice of such a proposal after the deadlines described above, the Company’s designated proxy holders will be allowed to use their discretionary voting authority to vote against the stockholder proposal when and if the proposal is raised at our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders.

In some instances, we may deliver to multiple stockholders of record sharing a common address only one copy of the E-Proxy Notice or, if you received paper proxy materials by mail, only one copy of this Proxy Statement and our 2022 Annual Report. If requested orally or in writing, we will promptly provide a separate copy of the E-Proxy Notice or paper proxy materials to a stockholder sharing an address with another stockholder. Requests should be directed to: Harmonic Inc., 2590 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, California 95131, Attention: Corporate Secretary, or to 1-408-542-2500. Beneficial holders sharing a common address and who desire separate copies should contact their brokerage firm or bank.

Stockholders of record sharing an address who currently receive multiple copies of proxy materials or the E-Proxy Notice, and wish to receive only a single copy, should send a signed, written request to the Company at the address noted above. Beneficial holders should contact their brokerage firm or bank.

The Annual Meeting will be a virtual meeting held over the Internet. You will be able to attend the Annual Meeting, vote your shares electronically and submit your questions during the live webcast of the meeting by visiting www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/HLIT2023 and entering your 16-digit control number located on your proxy card.

Seven (7) directors are to be elected at the Annual Meeting. Each of the directors elected at the Annual Meeting will hold office until the earlier of our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders or until such director’s successor has been elected and qualified or until such director’s earlier resignation or removal. Dan Whalen, a current member of the Board, will not stand for reelection at the Annual Meeting. The Board thanks Mr. Whalen for his service to the Company and its stockholders. As a result of the conclusion of Mr. Whalen’s service on the Board, immediately prior to the Annual Meeting, the Company’s bylaws will be amended to, among other things, allow the Board to, by resolution of a majority of the Board, fix the authorized size of the Board to seven.

Unless otherwise instructed, the designated proxy holders will vote the proxies received by them “FOR” the Company’s seven nominees named below, all of whom are currently directors of the Company. Each of the nominees was recommended for election by the Company’s Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee”) and the Board of Directors. In the event that any nominee of the Company becomes unable or declines to serve as a director at the time of the Annual Meeting, the designated proxy holders will vote the proxies for any substitute nominee who is designated by the Company’s Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee to fill the vacancy. It is not expected that any nominee listed below will be unable or will decline to serve as a director.

The process undertaken by the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee in recommending qualified director candidates is described below under “Considerations in Evaluating Director Nominees” on page 12 of this Proxy Statement.

The names of the nominees for director and certain information about each of them are set forth below. The information presented includes age as of April 1, 2023, positions held, principal occupation and business experience for at least the past five years, and the names of other publicly-held companies of which the nominee currently serves as a director or has served as a director during the past five years. In addition to the information presented below regarding the nominee’s specific experience, qualifications, attributes and skills that led our Board to the conclusion that each nominee is qualified to serve as a director, we also believe that all of our director nominees have a reputation for integrity, honesty and adherence to high ethical standards. They each have demonstrated knowledge of our industry, an ability to exercise sound judgment, and a commitment to Harmonic and the Board of Directors. Finally, with respect to our directors who have not been officers of the Company, we value their experience on other public company boards of directors and board committees and as senior officers of other companies. Each of the nominees has consented to being named in this Proxy Statement and to serve as a director if elected.

Except as indicated below, each nominee has been engaged in the principal occupation set forth above during the past five years. There are no family relationships between any directors or executive officers of the Company.

 

We separate the roles of Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chairperson of the Board in recognition of the differences between the two roles. The CEO is responsible for setting the strategic direction of the Company and for its operational management, leadership and performance, while the independent Chairperson of the Board provides guidance to the CEO and sets the agenda for, and presides over, meetings of the full Board. The Board believes that this structure of a separate Chairperson of the Board and CEO results in the proper balancing of responsibilities, experience, and independent perspectives that meets the current corporate governance needs and oversight responsibilities of the Board. The Board also believes that this structure benefits the Company by enabling our CEO, Patrick Harshman, to focus on strategic matters, operational management, leadership and performance. This leadership structure also allows the Company and the Board to benefit from Patrick Gallagher’s insight in the global telecom and media industries, and significant experience in chairing public company boards.

The Board of Directors held a total of eight (8) meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. No director attended fewer than 75 percent of the meetings of the Board, or 100 percent of the meetings of the Board committees upon which such director served, in 2022. Nikos Theodosopoulos attended all of the meetings of the Board until his resignation from the Board in August 2022, and Ms. Kim attended all of the meetings of the Board since her appointment to the Board in June 2022.

The Board has determined that Messrs. Gallagher, Krall and Whalen, and Mmes. Clifford, Reaugh, Swenson and Kim, are “independent” as that term is defined under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and under applicable NASDAQ listing standards. Mr. Whalen will not be standing for re-election at the Annual Meeting. In making this determination, the Board considered the current and prior relationships that each non-employee director has with Harmonic and all other facts and circumstances the Board deemed relevant in determining their independence, including the beneficial ownership of the Company’s capital stock by each non-employee director. The independent directors have no relationships with the Company which, in the opinion of the Board, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.

The Board has an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee.

The Audit Committee currently consists of Mmes. Clifford, Kim and Swenson, each of whom is independent under Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act and under applicable NASDAQ listing standards.

Ms. Clifford serves as the Chairperson of the Audit Committee. Mr. Theodosopoulos served as the Chairperson of the Audit Committee until August 2022, at which point Ms. Clifford was appointed Chairperson of the Audit Committee and Ms. Kim was appointed to the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee serves as the representative of the Board for general oversight of the quality and integrity of Harmonic’s financial accounting and reporting process, system of internal control over financial reporting, management of financial risks, audit process, and process for monitoring the compliance with related laws and regulations. Each member of the Audit Committee also meets the financial literacy requirements of the applicable NASDAQ listing standards. The Audit Committee engages the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and approves the scope of both audit and non-audit services. Matters within the scope of the Audit Committee were also discussed in executive sessions at regularly scheduled meetings of the Board in 2022. The Audit Committee held nine (9) meetings during 2022.

The Board has determined that Ms. Clifford is an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined by the current rules of the SEC. The Board believes that Ms. Clifford’s experience as a public company chief financial officer and finance executive qualifies her as an “audit committee financial expert.”

The Audit Committee operates under a written charter that was adopted by our board of directors and satisfies the applicable standards of the SEC and applicable NASDAQ listing standards. A copy of our Audit Committee charter is available on our website at www.harmonicinc.com in the Corporate Governance section of the Investor Relations page.

The Compensation Committee currently consists of Ms. Reaugh and Messrs. Gallagher, Krall and Whalen, none of whom is an employee of the Company and each of whom is independent under applicable NASDAQ listing standards. Mr. Whalen will not be standing for re-election at the Annual Meeting and will therefore no longer serve as a member of the Compensation Committee following the Annual Meeting.

Ms. Reaugh currently serves as the Chairperson of the committee. The Compensation Committee is responsible for approving the Company’s compensation policies, compensation paid to executive officers and administration of the Company’s equity compensation plans. The Compensation Committee held four (5) meetings during 2022. Matters within the scope of the Compensation Committee were also discussed in executive sessions at regularly scheduled meetings of the Board in 2022.

The Compensation Committee operates under a written charter that was adopted by our board of directors and satisfies the applicable standards of the SEC and applicable NASDAQ listing standards. A copy of our Compensation Committee charter is available on our website at www.harmonicinc.com in the Corporate Governance section of the Investor Relations page.

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee currently consists of Ms. Swenson and Messrs. Gallagher and Krall, each of whom is independent under applicable NASDAQ listing standards.

Ms. Swenson serves as the Chairperson of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee serves as the representative of the Board for establishment and oversight of governance policy and the operation, composition and compensation of the Board. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee held four (4) meetings in 2022. Matters within the scope of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee were discussed in executive sessions at regularly scheduled meetings of the Board in 2022.

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee has proposed, and the Board has approved, the nomination of seven (7) of the current board members for re-election by stockholders at this Annual Meeting.

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee operates under a written charter that was adopted by our board of directors and satisfies the applicable standards of the SEC and applicable NASDAQ listing standards. A copy of our Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee charter is available on our website at www.harmonicinc.com in the Corporate Governance section of the Investor Relations page.

At each regularly scheduled Board meeting, the non-employee directors meet in an executive session without any members of management or employees present. The Chairperson of the Board has the responsibility of presiding over such periodic executive sessions of the Board. Last year, the non-employee directors discussed, in executive sessions, corporate strategy, risk oversight, management performance, Board performance, succession planning for management and the directors, and Board policies, processes and practices.

The Board has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines that set forth the key functions of the Board, as well as principles regarding board structure and composition, director voting, board operations and meetings, board interaction with management and third parties, board committees and director compensation. The Corporate Governance Guidelines, in conjunction with our certificate of incorporation, Bylaws and Board committee charters, form the framework for the governance of the Company.

The Corporate Governance Guidelines are available on the Company’s website at www.harmonicinc.com in the Corporate Governance section of the Investor Relations page. The Corporate Governance Guidelines are reviewed at least annually by our Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, and changes are recommended to our Board for approval as appropriate.

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our Board members, officers, employees, consultants, contractors and agents, which is available on the Company’s website at www.harmonicinc.com in the Corporate Governance section of the Investor Relations page. Any amendments or waivers of the code pertaining to a member of our Board or one of our executive officers will be disclosed on our website at the above-referenced address.

Management of the Company is responsible for the day-to-day management of risks the Company faces, while the Board has responsibility, as a whole and also at the committee level, for the oversight of the Company’s risk management. The Board regularly reviews the Company’s long-term business strategy, including industry trends and their potential impact on the Company, our competitive positioning, potential acquisitions and divestitures, as well as the Company’s technology and market direction. The Board also reviews information regarding the Company’s actual and planned financial position and operational performance, as well as the risks associated with each. The Compensation Committee is responsible for overseeing the management of risks relating to the Company’s executive compensation and Board remuneration, and the Company’s incentive, equity award and other benefit plans. The Audit Committee oversees management of financial risks, including, but not limited to, accounting matters, tax positions, insurance coverage and security of the Company’s cash reserves, as well as cybersecurity risks. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee manages risks associated with independence and potential conflicts of interest.

At periodic meetings of the Board and its committees, management reports to, and seeks the guidance of, the Board and its committees with respect to the most significant risks that could affect our business. While each committee is responsible for evaluating certain risks and overseeing the management of such risks, the entire Board is periodically informed about such risks by committee reports and receives advice and counsel with respect to risk issues from the Company’s outside counsel.

Pursuant to the charter of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, the Committee may utilize a variety of methods to identify and evaluate candidates for service on our Board of Directors. Candidates may come to the attention of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee through current directors, management, professional search firms, stockholders, outside professionals or other persons. Any candidate presented would be evaluated at a meeting of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee or at a regular Board meeting and may be considered at any point during the year.

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee may take such measures as it considers appropriate in connection with its evaluation of a candidate, including candidate interviews, inquiry of the person recommending the candidate or reliance on the knowledge of the members of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, members of the Board or management. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee has hired, from time to time, a consulting firm to assist it in identifying and screening potential candidates for election to the Board.

In evaluating a candidate, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee may consider a variety of criteria. These criteria include, without limitation:

While the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee does not have a formal policy with respect to diversity, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee seeks nominees with a broad diversity of experiences, professions, skills, geographic representation and backgrounds, including racial, ethnic and gender diversity, and considers relevant legal requirements relating to diversity.

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee evaluates these factors, among others, and does not assign any particular weighting or priority to any of these factors. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee requires the following minimum qualifications to be satisfied by any nominee for a position on the Board of Directors:

With respect to the nomination of continuing directors for re-election, the individual’s historical and ongoing contributions to the Board of Directors are also considered. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee may also consider such other factors as it may deem, from time to time, are in our and our stockholders’ best interests.

The Board believes that the backgrounds and qualifications of the directors, considered as a group, should provide a significant composite mix of experience, knowledge and abilities that will allow the Board to best fulfill its responsibilities. Nominees are not discriminated against on the basis of race, religion, national origin, gender, age, sexual orientation, disability or any other basis proscribed by law.

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee has not set either term limits or age limits for members of the Board, believing that the Company’s interests are best served by members of the Board with substantial experience and knowledge of the Company’s business and that age is generally not a barrier to effective performance as a member of the Board.

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee will consider recommendations from stockholders of individuals for service on the Board of Directors at our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders, provided that such recommendations are submitted in a timely manner in writing to the Corporate Secretary of the Company at Harmonic Inc., 2590 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, California 95131. If a stockholder desires to recommend an individual for consideration by the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee for nomination by the Board, such recommendation must be received no later than December 30, 2023, which is 120 calendar days prior to the first anniversary of the date this Proxy Statement first became available to stockholders. In evaluating director candidates recommended by stockholders, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee will use the same criteria as it uses to evaluate all prospective members of the Board.

On April 9, 2021, we entered into a cooperation agreement (the “Agreement”) with Scopia Capital Management LP (“Scopia”). The Agreement included provisions regarding various matters including, but not limited to, granting Scopia the right to designate two directors to be appointed to the Board, procedures for determining replacements for the newly appointed directors, voting commitments, “standstills” restricting certain conduct and activities during the periods specified in the Agreement, and other items. The Agreement expired as of March 20, 2023 and is no longer in effect.

Under our amended and restated bylaws, stockholders may also directly nominate persons for our Board of Directors. Any nomination must comply with the requirements set forth in our amended and restated bylaws and Rule 14a-19 and should be sent in writing to the Corporate Secretary of the Company at Harmonic Inc., 2590 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, California 95131. To be timely for our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders, nominations must be delivered to the Corporate Secretary of the Company no earlier than February 24, 2024 and no later than March 25, 2024.

Our amended and restated bylaws are available on the Company’s website at www.harmonicinc.com in the Corporate Governance section of the Investor Relations page.

The gender identity and demographic background of our directors as of April 1, 2023, based on self-identification, is set forth in the table below.

As compensation for its non-employee directors, Harmonic uses a combination of cash and equity-based incentive compensation. Directors who are employees of the Company do not receive additional compensation for their service as directors. Mr. Harshman receives no compensation for his service as a director and compensation earned by Mr. Harshman for his service as CEO is shown in the Summary Compensation Table on page 37 of this Proxy Statement.

The 2022 non-employee director compensation program was developed in consultation with Compensia, Inc. (“Compensia”), an independent compensation consulting firm. Compensia provided recommendations and competitive non-employee director compensation data and analyses. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee considered and discussed these recommendations and data, and considered the specific duties and committee responsibilities of particular directors. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee recommended, and the Board adopted, Compensia’s recommendations when it approved the 2022 non-employee director compensation program described below, which remained unchanged from the director compensation program that had previously been approved for 2021. We believe the program provides our non-employee directors with reasonable and appropriate compensation that is commensurate with the services they provide and competitive with compensation paid by our peers to their non-employee directors.

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee periodically reviews the type and form of compensation paid to our non-employee directors, which includes a market assessment and analysis by Compensia. As part of this analysis, Compensia reviews non-employee director compensation trends and data from companies comprising the same peer group used by the Compensation Committee in connection with its review of Harmonic’s executive compensation.

Cash Compensation. Board and Board committee retainers are paid quarterly. No additional fees were paid for attending in-person or telephonic meetings of the Board or its committees.

Equity Compensation. The 2002 Director Stock Plan, as amended (the “2002 Plan”), currently provides for grants of stock options or restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to be made in three ways:

In 2019, we instituted a policy allowing our non-employee directors to elect to defer the receipt of RSUs granted as Initial Grants or Ongoing Grants. If so elected, 100% of the RSUs subject to such Initial Grant or Ongoing Grant (as applicable), to the extent vested, will be deferred and paid within 60 days following the earliest to occur of (i) a change in control (as defined within the policy), (ii) the director’s separation from service (as defined under Section 409A of the Code) and (iii) the director’s death, subject to any required six-month delay required under Section 409A of the Code. Non-employee directors may elect to defer their Ongoing Grants before the end of the calendar year to which such grants relate. Unless revoked under the policy’s terms, a deferral election will remain in effect with respect to Ongoing Grants made in future years.

The following table provides the number of shares of Common Stock subject to RSUs held by non-employee directors of the Company as of December 31, 2022, with no stock options outstanding.

Under the Board’s non-employee director stock ownership policy, each non-employee director is required to beneficially own shares of Common Stock with a market value equal to at least $175,000 (excluding, for the purposes of this calculation, the value of stock options exercisable within 60 days) by the later of the Company’s 2018 annual meeting of stockholders or the fifth anniversary of the director’s election to the Board. As of April 1, 2023, each non-employee director is in compliance with these guidelines or is on track to be in compliance with these guidelines by the applicable deadline.

The Board believes that management should be the primary means of communication between the Company and all of its constituencies, including stockholders, customers, suppliers and employees. However, stockholders may communicate with individual members of the Board, committees of the Board, or the full Board by addressing correspondence to Harmonic Inc., 2590 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, California 95131, Attention: Corporate Secretary. Our Corporate Secretary or legal department, in consultation with appropriate members of the Board as necessary, will review all incoming communications and, if appropriate, such communications will be forwarded to the appropriate member or members of our Board.

All eight (8) of the then-current members of the Board attended the Company’s June 2022 virtual annual meeting of stockholders telephonically. The Board has a policy encouraging directors to attend annual stockholder meetings.

We are committed to delivering a corporate culture that honors our values and principles, that fosters a culture of inclusion, equity and diversity, and that promotes sustainable operations to benefit the environment and the lives of our stakeholders. Our environmental, social and governance (ESG) commitment includes ethics and governance, human capital management, supply chain partnerships and environmental protection. We believe that the expectations of all of our stakeholders, from investors to employees to the people in the communities where we operate, must be acknowledged and addressed through these commitments. Therefore, we work to embed these commitments into our operating structure, to measure our progress and to continuously improve. We are proud to report on some of our efforts and initiatives in ESG including those listed below.

Additional information regarding our activities related to environmental, social and governance, can be found in our latest Corporate Social Responsibility Report (“CSR Report”), which is located on our website at www.harmonicinc.com/corporate-responsibility/responsible-business/. The CSR Report is updated annually. This website address is intended to be an inactive textual reference only. None of the information on, or accessible through, our website is part of this proxy statement or is incorporated by reference herein.

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee is responsible for reviewing the Company’s ethics and governance practices and performance, as well as aspects related to diversity, equity and inclusion, human capital management and environmental performance. The Board receives updates on ESG areas from executive management on a regular basis.

Harmonic has an ESG Advisory Committee co-chaired by our General Counsel and Senior Vice President of Human Resources and our Senior Vice President, Operations and IT. The ESG Advisory Committee is comprised of senior managers from across our corporate functions, including human resources, operations, legal and procurement. The ESG Advisory Committee is responsible for assessing ESG risks and opportunities, identifying best practices and management initiatives to address these risks and opportunities, and disseminating those practices into implementation tasks and guidance throughout the Company. In addition, the ESG Advisory Committee is responsible for providing updates on ESG performance to our executive management team, our Board and external stakeholders through public disclosures.

 

We are committed to the highest standards of ethical integrity. Our approach to ethical standards is documented in our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “CBCE”), which applies to all of Harmonic’s employees, officers, directors, consultants, contractors and agents. The CBCE provide rules of practice on ethical conduct and anti-corruption, conflicts of interest, compliance and communications. The CBCE sets the expectation that all Harmonic personnel and business partners live up to our commitments to Act in Good Faith, Act Ethically and Comply with the Law.

In addition to the CBCE, we also extend our ethical standards to our suppliers and their employees through our Supplier Code of Conduct, and to our reseller, distributor and service provider partners and their employees through our Business Partner Code of Conduct (and together with the CBCE and the Supplier Code of Conduct, the “Codes”). Our Supplier Code of Conduct requires our suppliers to adopt and adhere to the social, environmental and ethical industry standards set forth in the Responsible Business Alliance (RBA) Code of Conduct (formerly known as the Electronic Industry Citizenship Code of Conduct). Our Business Partner Code of Conduct emphasizes ethical and legal compliance in all business practices, and strict adherence to ethical labor and employment rules and principles.

The Codes all provide for procedures for reporting potential violations internally or through an anonymous whistleblower hotline, and both the Supplier Code of Conduct and Business Partner Code of Conduct provide for compliance audits by Harmonic. The Codes are available on our website at www.harmonicinc.com/corporatesocialresponsibility.

The CBCE establishes expectations for a harassment-free and safe workplace. Harmonic is committed to ensuring that our working conditions and practices inspire trust and respect, empower our people to do their best work, and do not infringe in any way on the inherent dignity of our employees and personnel. We prohibit all abuse, harassment and other unprofessional conduct, and any discrimination during employment or hiring on the basis of gender, race, color, national origin, ancestry, citizenship, religion, age, physical or mental disability, medical condition, genetic information, pregnancy, sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression, veteran status, or marital status or any other legally protected status.

In 2020, our Board approved a Human Rights and Labor Practices Policy. The policy commits Harmonic to prevent any forced labor in our operations. Looking forward, Harmonic intends to further promulgate these expectations and to condemn all forced or coercive labor practices throughout our value chain. The policy also clearly states our commitment to fair practices in hiring and termination as well as adhering to fair wage practices where no wage law is in existence. Harmonic follows internationally recognized practices and principles regarding the employment of young persons imposed by local legislation. The Human Rights and Labor Practices Policy is available on our website at www.harmonicinc.com under Corporate Responsibility.

Our success depends on our ability to attract and retain talented and skilled employees. We focus on creating a safe, welcoming and inclusive work environment where employees can be productive and innovative.

Harmonic complies with all applicable health and safety laws and regulations in all countries where it operates. In addition, our internal guidelines and directives take precedence over locally applicable laws and regulations whenever they exceed local requirements. We engage with our employees, contractors, partners and customers to maintain a healthy and safe workplace for our personnel, wherever they are needed to conduct their work.

Building an inclusive workforce is critical to our ability to continuously innovate and provide our customers with outstanding products and services, enabling growth and the delivery of sustained shareholder value. Therefore, we invest in inclusion and diversity initiatives as well as professional development opportunities for employees across the Company. In addition, senior management regularly shares perspectives and priorities on the promotion of diversity across the company through e-newsletters and other communications. We also believe our employees are the true leaders in building an inclusive and diverse culture. Groups of employees based in Harmonic locations around the world have volunteered to support a variety of DEI and related community impact initiatives, including programs to engage youth from underrepresented groups in technology and business, mentoring and internship programs, refugee integration initiatives, and contributing to various charitable organizations.

An expert, creative and innovative workforce is fundamental to the success of Harmonic. Therefore, we invest in employee professional development and training. Harmonic has partnered with third party e-learning platforms to offer thousands of online courses to employees across a wide range of topic areas. In addition, we provide in-person product, technical and management training and coaching in various locations, and we conduct regular training with employees on a variety of topics critical to the functioning of the business including cybersecurity, regulatory matters, health and safety, and DEI. Employees are also annually trained on the content of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics to ensure compliance with ethical business practices.

In addition to the expectations for our suppliers and partners set forth in the Supplier Code of Conduct and Business Partner Code of Conduct, Harmonic has identified several performance expectations for key suppliers, including conflict mineral identification, health and safety, cybersecurity and environmental performance of products, and we continue to work with our key suppliers around these topics.

In our Video business, Harmonic’s VOS^®360 software-as-a-service (SaaS) platforms provide both streaming and channel origination and distribution services in a public cloud environment. Compared to purchasing and maintaining dedicated equipment, our customers can significantly lower the resource and energy usage, and carbon emissions, of their video delivery operations when they adopt our SaaS solutions. By using our SaaS solutions, our customers leverage the greater efficiency of public clouds enabled by dynamic provisioning, multi-tenancy, high server utilization and advanced data center operations.

Our software-based video processing appliances continue to increase in efficiency, performance and density, enabling our customers to scale operations with fewer rack units and less energy consumption, when compared to earlier versions of our appliance products.

In our Broadband business, our CableOS^® software-based broadband access solutions, which can be deployed based on a centralized, distributed access or hybrid architecture, can drastically reduce the energy consumption, carbon emissions and physical footprint of our customers’ facilities, compared to legacy solutions.

We also recognize that our products and our operations have environmental impacts and so we are committed to exploring methods to continually improve our own environmental performance. Our Environmental Responsibility and Sustainability Policy describes our commitments to reducing environmental impact, particularly relating to energy usage and carbon emissions, while seeking more environmentally friendly alternatives in our supplied products. Harmonic has also provided educational resources to raise the awareness of employees on environmental issues. In addition, we are committed to complying with applicable environmental regulations and have published an Environmental Compliance Statement, as well as a Conflict Minerals Policy and 2022 Conflict Minerals Report, on our website at www.harmonicinc.com under Corporate Responsibility. Our Environmental Responsibility and Sustainability Policy is also available on our Corporate Responsibility page.

Our primary operational energy use and emissions come from the electricity that we source for our offices. We have worked to reduce energy usage at our offices, including our on-site data centers. We have also focused on assessing the carbon emissions associated with transporting and shipping our products to customers around the world, and implementing strategies to reduce those emissions, primarily by maximizing sea shipments and minimizing air freight. We have embraced videoconferencing to reduce the need for business travel and to enable longer-term work-from-home flexibility and hybrid work policies at key locations. When employees do commute, we encourage more efficient transportation modes at certain sites such as public transportation, bicycles and electric or electric-hybrid vehicles.

We seek to reduce waste across our operations. Our main focus has been on recycling initiatives, from paper to electronics. Harmonic is committed to recycling or re-using materials whenever practicable, in particular in our site operations with consumables and in packaging for the supply chain.

Cybersecurity is critical to our business operations and service offerings, and we regularly review and invest in our corporate infrastructure and product security capabilities. The Audit Committee oversees Harmonic’s cybersecurity controls and performance through regular updates from executive management and reviews of governance processes, security-related programs, performance data, potential or realized security breach information, audit and validation results, and controls to help mitigate cybersecurity risks.

At the executive management level, cybersecurity is overseen by Harmonic’s Chief Cybersecurity Officer. In addition, Harmonic management works closely with the Audit Committee to regularly benchmark and update cybersecurity efforts to assess best practices and emerging regulatory requirements.

Our cybersecurity program includes controls to protect the confidentiality of data and the integrity of assets, such as security monitoring and alerts to identify internal and external threats, enhanced phishing and malware protections, data and source code access management systems, mandatory employee training and regular communications to increase cybersecurity threat awareness, and incidence response processes to respond to any potential security breaches as quickly as possible.

Pursuant to Section 14A of the Exchange Act of 1934 as promulgated by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, we are asking stockholders to vote on the compensation of our named executive officers (the “NEOs”), as named in accordance with applicable SEC rules, on page 28 of this Proxy Statement. This Proposal 2, commonly known as a “say-on-pay” proposal, gives our stockholders the opportunity to express their views on our NEOs’ compensation as a whole. This vote is not intended to address any specific item of compensation or any specific named executive officer, but rather the overall compensation of all of our NEOs and the named executive officer compensation philosophy, policies and practices described in this Proxy Statement.

The say-on-pay vote is advisory, and therefore not binding on the Company, the Compensation Committee or the Board. The say-on-pay vote will, however, provide information to us regarding investor sentiment about our NEO compensation philosophy, policies and practices, which the Compensation Committee will be able to consider when determining NEO compensation for the remainder of the current fiscal year and for future fiscal years. Our Board and Compensation Committee value the opinions of our stockholders, and, to the extent there is any significant vote against the NEO compensation as disclosed in this Proxy Statement, we will consider our stockholders’ concerns and the Compensation Committee will evaluate whether any action is necessary to address those concerns. At our 2022 annual meeting, our stockholders approved the compensation of our NEOs, with approximately 99% of the shares present and entitled to vote voting in favor of the say-on-pay proposal. As we evaluated our compensation practices and talent needs throughout 2022, we were mindful of the support our stockholders expressed for our philosophy of linking compensation to our financial goals and in support of enhancing stockholder value. As a result, the Compensation Committee decided to retain our general approach with respect to our NEO compensation programs, with an emphasis on delivering long-term and short-term incentive compensation that reward our executives commensurate with the value they deliver to our stockholders. Since 2011, we have held an advisory vote to approve NEO compensation each year, and the next such advisory vote will occur at our 2024 annual meeting.

The Company’s goal for its NEO compensation program is to attract, motivate and retain a talented and creative team of executives who will contribute significantly to the long-term success of the Company and the enhancement of stockholder value. As described in the “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” and “Executive Compensation” sections beginning on pages 29 and 37, respectively, of this Proxy Statement, we believe that our NEO compensation program was designed appropriately and is working to ensure management’s interests are aligned with our stockholders’ interests to support long-term value creation. We would like to highlight the following items that support these beliefs:

Accordingly, we ask our stockholders to vote “FOR” the following resolution at the Annual Meeting:

“RESOLVED, that the Company’s stockholders approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation of the named executive officers, as disclosed in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders pursuant to the compensation disclosure rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, the compensation tables and the other related disclosure.”

The Company’s stockholders are being asked to approve a 650,000 share increase in the number of shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Company’s 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”).

The ESPP was adopted by the Board of Directors in March 2002 and was approved by our stockholders in May 2002. The ESPP, as initially approved, permitted the issuance of 1,500,000 shares of Common Stock. Amendments to the ESPP, adopted in May 2004, May 2006, May 2009, July 2011, August 2013, July 2014, June 2016, June 2017, June 2018, June 2019, June 2020, June 2021 and June 2022 increased the maximum number of shares available for issuance under the ESPP by an additional 18,300,000 shares in the aggregate, resulting in 19,800,000 shares of Common Stock permitted for issuance under the ESPP. As of March 31, 2023, there were 945,187 shares of Common Stock currently available for issuance under the ESPP.

In April 2023, the Board of Directors unanimously approved an amendment to the ESPP, subject to obtaining stockholder approval, to increase the number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the ESPP by 650,000 shares. The ESPP has not been amended in any material way, other than to increase the number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the ESPP. If this proposal is approved by our stockholders, the shares reserved and available for issuance under the ESPP for the current offering period and for offering periods commencing on or after July 1, 2023, will be increased by 650,000 shares. Based on the Company’s current forecasts and estimated participation rates, the Company expects that with this increase, the ESPP will have enough shares of Common Stock to cover ESPP purchases through July 2024.

If this proposal is not approved by the Company’s stockholders, the shares reserved and available for issuance under the ESPP will be 945,187, and, based on current forecasts and estimated participation rates, the Company anticipates this would only be enough shares of Common Stock to cover ESPP purchases through January 2024.

The intent of the ESPP is to encourage employees to acquire equity ownership in the Company in an effort to promote the closer alignment of the interests of employees with those of the Company’s stockholders. The proposed increase in the number of shares available for issuance under the ESPP will enable the Company to continue to use the ESPP as a valuable tool for attracting and retaining key personnel and aligning the interests of ESPP participants with those of the Company’s stockholders. We believe that the ESPP remains an important element of a competitive compensation package, especially for technology companies, as these plans are offered by most public companies with which we compete for employees. Approximately 50% of our employees eligible to participate in the ESPP during the offering period ending July 1, 2023 are participating.

The following is a summary of the principal features of the ESPP and its operation. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the ESPP, a copy of which is appended as Appendix A.

Purpose. The purpose of the ESPP is to provide employees with an opportunity to purchase Common Stock through payroll deductions.

Administration. The ESPP is administered by the Board of Directors or a committee appointed by the Board of Directors (in either case, the “Administrator”). The Administrator has full and exclusive discretionary authority to construe, interpret and apply the terms of the ESPP, and the Administrator’s findings, decisions, and determinations are final and binding upon all parties to the full extent permitted by law. The ESPP is intended to qualify under the provisions of Sections 421 and 423 of the Code, provided that the Administrator may permit participation in the ESPP in a component of the ESPP that does not so qualify, in order to accommodate the specific requirements of local laws, regulations and procedures for jurisdictions outside of the U.S. in accordance with the terms of the ESPP.

Eligibility. Currently, each of our employees, and each employee of our designated subsidiaries, whose customary employment with the Company or the designated subsidiary is at least 20 hours per week and more than five months in any calendar year, is eligible to participate in the ESPP. As of the beginning of the current offering period on January 1, 2023, approximately 1,307 employees were eligible to participate in the ESPP. No employee who immediately following the grant of a purchase right under the ESPP, would own stock and/or hold outstanding options to purchase stock that is equal to or greater than 5% of the total combined voting power or value

of all classes of stock of ours or any of our subsidiaries, may participate in the ESPP. Moreover, no employee may participate to the extent that he or she may purchase Common Stock at a rate, taking into account all employee stock purchase plans of the Company, that exceeds $25,000 (based on fair market value of the Common Stock determined on the first day of any offering period) for each calendar year that the purchase right remains outstanding.

Shares Available for Issuance. Subject to adjustment upon certain changes in the Company’s capitalization as described in the ESPP, the maximum number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the ESPP is 19,800,000 shares. As of March 31, 2023, there were 945,187 shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the ESPP, a significant percentage of which are expected to be issued on the next purchase date on July 1, 2023, after the end of the current offering period. If our stockholders approve this proposal, an additional 650,000 shares will become reserved and available for issuance in the current offering period and for offering periods commencing on or after July 1, 2023, resulting in a maximum number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the ESPP equal to 20,450,000 shares.

Offering Period. The ESPP currently has offering periods that have a duration of approximately six months, commencing on the first trading day for Common Stock on or after each January 1 and July 1 and terminating on the last trading day of the period ending approximately six months thereafter. Our Board of Directors has the power to change the commencement date and the duration of future offering periods without stockholder approval, if such change is announced prior to the scheduled beginning of the first offering period to be affected by such change. Each offering period constitutes a purchase period during which shares of Common Stock may be purchased on behalf of the participant in accordance with the terms of the ESPP.

Participation. To participate in the ESPP, an eligible employee must authorize payroll deductions pursuant to the ESPP. Payroll deductions are withheld only in whole percentages of the participant’s compensation and cannot exceed 10% of a participant’s compensation that she or he receives on each pay day during the offering period.

A participant may not make any additional payments into her or his account other than by payroll deductions, except that to the extent the Administrator determines that payroll deductions are prohibited or otherwise problematic under applicable law, the Administrator may require contributions by other means it determines.. To the extent necessary to comply with Section 423(b)(8) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and eligibility limitations pursuant to the ESPP, a participant’s payroll deductions may be decreased to zero at any time during an offering period. A participant may decrease, but not increase, the rate of payroll deductions during an offering period, except the Administrator may, in its discretion, limit the nature and/or number of participant rate changes during any offering period.

Grant. The number of shares of Common Stock a participant purchases in each offering period is determined by dividing the total amount of payroll deductions withheld from the participant’s compensation during the offering period by the purchase price. However, a participant may purchase no more than 1,500 shares in any offering period (or in the event that any offering periods will provide for more than one purchase date, then limited to 1,500 shares in any purchase period). The Administrator, in its discretion, may increase or decrease the maximum number of shares of Common Stock that participants may purchase in future offering periods (and for any purchase periods in such future offering periods)..

Purchase Price; Exercise. The Internal Revenue Service views participants in our ESPP as receiving options. The price per share of the shares subject to the option, as permitted by the Code, is the lower of (i) 85% of the fair market value of a share of Common Stock on the first day of the offering period, or (ii) 85% of the fair market value of a share of Common Stock on the purchase date, which is the last day of the offering period. Unless a participant withdraws from the ESPP or her or his employment terminates with us or a designated subsidiary, the participant’s option for the purchase of shares is exercised automatically on each purchase date. No fractional shares may be purchased, and any accumulated payroll deductions not sufficient to purchase a full share are retained in the participant’s account for the subsequent offering period Any other funds left over after the purchase of shares are returned to the participant. Participants will have rights as a stockholder only upon actual issuance of the shares under the ESPP.

If the number of shares with respect to which options are to be exercised exceed shares available for sale under the ESPP on a purchase date or commencement of an offering period, the Administrator may, in its sole discretion, make a pro rata allocation of the shares available for purchase and either continue the offering period then in effect or terminate the offering period then in effect. The Administrator may make such pro rata allocation of shares notwithstanding any authorization of additional shares for issuance under the ESPP by our stockholders subsequent to the commencement of an offering period. During a participant’s lifetime, the participant’s option under the ESPP is exercisable only by such participant. In addition, neither the payroll deductions credited to a participant’s account nor any rights to exercise or receive shares under the ESPP may be transferred or disposed of in any way, other than by will, the laws of descent and distribution or beneficiary designation, by the participant.

Withdrawal; Termination of Employment. A participant may withdraw all, but not less than all, the payroll deductions credited to her or his account, and not yet used to exercise her or his option, under the ESPP at any time by written notice to the Company. If a participant withdraws from an offering period, no further payroll deductions by the participant will be made during the offering period and payroll deductions will not automatically resume at the beginning of the succeeding offering period. Additionally, payroll deductions credited to the participant’s account during the offering period, but not yet used to exercise the option, will be returned to the participant or, in the case of her or his death, to the person or persons entitled thereto, and the participant’s option will automatically terminate. Withdrawal from an offering period has no effect upon a participant’s eligibility to participate in subsequent offering periods. If a participant fails to remain as our employee or an employee of a designated subsidiary, or ceases to meet the ESPP eligibility requirements, she or he is deemed to have withdrawn from the ESPP. A designated subsidiary generally refers to a subsidiary or in certain limited cases other affiliate of the Company selected by the Administrator as eligible to participate in the ESPP.

Adjustments upon Changes in Capitalization and Certain Transactions. Any increase or decrease in the number of issued shares of Common Stock resulting from a stock split, reverse, stock split, stock dividend, combination or reclassification of Common Stock or any other change in the number of shares of Common Stock effected without the Company receiving consideration will proportionately adjust the:

Any other issuance by the Company of shares of stock of any class, or securities convertible into shares of stock of any class, will not affect the number or price of shares of Common Stock subject to an ESPP option.

In the event of a proposed dissolution or liquidation of the Company, an offering period will be shortened by setting a new purchase date, and terminated immediately prior to the consummation of the proposed dissolution or liquidation, unless the Administrator provides otherwise. The Administrator will notify each participant in writing prior to the new purchase date that her or his option will be automatically exercised on the new purchase date, unless prior to such date the participant has withdrawn from the offering period.

In the event of a merger or change of control of the Company, each outstanding option under the ESPP will be assumed or an equivalent option substituted by the successor corporation or a parent or subsidiary of the successor corporation. If the successor corporation refuses to assume, or substitute for, the option, any offering period then in progress under the ESPP is shortened by setting a new purchase date and terminated before the date of the proposed merger or change of control. The Administrator will notify each participant in writing prior to the new purchase date that her or his option will be automatically exercised on the new purchase date, unless prior to such date the participant has withdrawn from the offering period.

Amendment or Termination. The Administrator may, at any time and for any reason, terminate or amend the ESPP, except that no terminations can affect options previously granted, other than certain terminations specified in the ESPP. The ESPP will continue in effect until terminated by the Administrator. Without stockholder approval and without regard to whether any participant rights may be considered to have been adversely affected, the Administrator is entitled to:

In the event the Administrator determines that the ongoing operation of the ESPP may result in unfavorable financial accounting consequences, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion, without stockholder approval or the consent of any participant, and to the extent necessary or desirable, modify or amend the ESPP to reduce or eliminate such accounting consequence, including, without limitation, by (i) increasing the purchase price for any offering period, including an offering period underway at the time of action by the Board of Directors, (ii) shortening any offering period so that offering period ends on a new purchase date, including an offering period underway at the time of the action by the Board of Directors, and (iii) allocating shares.

Given that the number of shares that may be purchased under the ESPP is determined, in part, by the Common Stock’s market value at the beginning and end of each offering period (or upon a purchase date within an offering period), and given that participation in the ESPP is voluntary on the part of employees, the actual number of shares that may be purchased by any individual is not determinable. The following table sets forth (a) the number of shares of Common Stock that were purchased under the ESPP during fiscal year 2022 by each of our NEOs, our current executive officers as a group, our non-employee directors as a group, and our employees, including all current officers who are not executive officers, as a group, and (b) the weighted average per share purchase price paid for such shares by each such NEO or group. As of March 31, 2023, the per share closing price of our Common Stock as quoted on the Nasdaq Global Select Market was $14.59.

The following brief summary of the effect of U.S. federal income taxation upon a participant and the Company with respect to the shares purchased under the ESPP does not purport to be complete, and does not discuss such tax consequences with respect to a participant’s death or the income tax laws of any state or non-U.S. country in which the participant may reside.

The ESPP, and the right of participants to make purchases thereunder, is intended to qualify under the provisions of Sections 421 and 423 of the Code. Under an employee stock purchase plan which so qualifies, a participant generally will not have taxable income upon either the grant of the purchase right or at the time the shares of Common Stock are purchased, but the employee generally will have taxable income when the employee sells or otherwise disposes of shares purchased under the ESPP.

Upon sale or other disposition of the shares, the participant will generally be subject to tax in an amount that depends upon the holding period. If the shares are sold or otherwise disposed of more than two years from the first day of the applicable offering period and one year from the applicable purchase date, the participant will recognize ordinary income measured as the lesser of (a) the excess of the fair market value of the shares at the time of such sale or disposition over the purchase price, or (b) an amount equal to 15% of the fair market value of the shares as of the first day of the applicable offering period. Any additional gain will be treated as long-term capital gain. Alternatively, if the fair market value of the shares on the date of the sale or disposition is less than the purchase price, there will be no ordinary income and any loss recognized will be a long-term capital loss. If the shares are sold or otherwise disposed of before the expiration of either of these holding periods, the participant will recognize ordinary income generally measured as the excess of the fair market value of the shares, on the date the shares are purchased, over the purchase price. Any additional gain or loss on such sale or disposition will be capital gain or loss. If the shares have been held for more than one year since the date of purchase, the gain or loss will be long-term. The Company generally is not entitled to a deduction for amounts taxed as ordinary income or capital gain to a participant, except to the extent of ordinary income recognized by participants upon a sale or disposition of shares prior to the expiration of the holding periods described above.

The Audit Committee of the Board has appointed Ernst & Young LLP (“EY”), an independent registered public accounting firm, to audit the financial statements of the Company for the year ending December 31, 2023. EY has served as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm since March 2021. Prior to EY’s appointment, Armanino LLP (“Armanino”) served as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.

Stockholder approval is not required for the appointment of EY, as the Audit Committee has the responsibility for selecting an independent registered public accounting firm. However, the Board is submitting the selection of EY to the stockholders for ratification as a matter of good corporate practice. In the event of a negative vote on the ratification of EY, the Audit Committee may reconsider its selection. Representatives of EY are expected to be present at the Annual Meeting and will have the opportunity to make a statement if they so desire. The representatives also are expected to be available to respond to appropriate questions from stockholders. Representatives of Armanino are not expected to be present at the Annual Meeting or to be available to respond to appropriate questions from stockholders, and will not have the opportunity to make a statement if they so desire.

Aggregate fees for professional services rendered for the Company by EY for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows:

Audit Fees. These amounts represent fees billed for professional services rendered for the audit of our consolidated financial statements and review of interim statements included in quarterly reports and services that are normally provided by EY in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.

All Other Fees. This amount represents fees billed by an affiliate of EY for a review of the Company’s cybersecurity systems and policies. Consistent with its charter, the Audit Committee pre-approves all audit and non-audit services from our independent registered public accounting firm and did so in 2022. Pre-approval authority may be delegated by the Audit Committee to the Chair of the Audit Committee.

The Audit Committee considered whether the services provided by EY in 2022 were compatible with maintaining the independence of EY, and concluded that the independence of EY was maintained and was not compromised by the non-audit services provided.

Dismissal of Armanino. As disclosed in the Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 5, 2021, the Audit Committee approved the dismissal of Armanino and the appointment of EY as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm on March 4, 2021. The audit report of Armanino on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020 did not contain an adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles. During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the subsequent interim periods through March 4, 2021, (i) there were no disagreements with Armanino (within the meaning of Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K) on any matters of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosures or auditing scope and procedures, which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of Armanino, would have caused Armanino to make reference thereto in its reports on the financial statements for such years, and (ii) there were no “reportable events” (as that term is defined in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K).

In accordance with a written charter adopted by Harmonic’s Board of Directors and posted on the Company’s website at www.harmonicinc.com, the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors serves as the representative of the Board of Directors for general oversight of the quality and integrity of the Company’s financial accounting and reporting process, system of internal control over financial reporting, audit process, and process for monitoring compliance with related laws and regulations. The Audit Committee engages the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and approves the scope of both audit and non-audit services. Harmonic’s management has primary responsibility for preparing financial statements and the financial reporting process.

Ernst & Young LLP, Harmonic’s independent registered public accounting firm for the year ended December 31, 2022, was responsible for performing an independent audit of the Company’s consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards set by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) and to issue reports thereon.

The Audit Committee has:

The Audit Committee meets regularly with the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, with and without management present, to discuss the results of their examinations, the evaluations of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, and the overall quality of the Company’s adherence to applicable accounting principles and practices.

In performing all of these functions, the Audit Committee acts only in an oversight capacity and necessarily relies on the work and assurances of Harmonic’s management, which has primary responsibility for preparing financial statements and the financial reporting process, and the independent registered public accounting firm, which, in their report, expresses an opinion on the conformity of Harmonic’s annual consolidated financial statements to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards set by the PCAOB. In reliance on the reviews and discussions referred to in this report, and in light of its role and responsibilities, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board of Directors, and the Board of Directors has approved, that the audited financial statements of Harmonic for the three years ended December 31, 2022 be included for filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Deborah Clifford

Sophia Kim

Susan G. Swenson

The following sets forth certain information regarding the executive officers of Harmonic as of April 1, 2023.

Patrick J. Harshman joined Harmonic in 1993 and was appointed President and CEO and as a member of our board of directors in May 2006. Prior to 2006, he held several executive leadership positions for Harmonic, including management of marketing, international sales, product management, and research and development functions. Mr. Harshman earned a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley, and completed an Executive Management Program at Stanford University.

Jeremy Rosenberg joined Harmonic in 2015 and was appointed Interim CFO in March 2023. Prior to serving as Interim CFO, he served as Vice President, Business Development, and was appointed Senior Vice President, Business Development, in 2016. Prior to joining Harmonic, Mr. Rosenberg served in leadership roles at various companies, including senior vice president of technology at Music Choice and chief financial officer of Visible World. Mr. Rosenberg holds a B.S. in Economics and Decision Sciences from the Wharton School and an M.B.A. from IMD in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Nimrod Ben-Natan joined Harmonic in 1997, was named Vice President of Product Marketing, Solutions and Strategy, in 2007, and was appointed Senior Vice President and General Manager, Cable Products, in June 2012. From 1993 to 1997, Mr. Ben-Natan served as an Embedded Software Engineer at Orckit Communications Ltd., a digital subscriber line developer. Previously, he worked on wireless communications systems while he was with the Israeli Defense Signal Corps from 1988 to 1993. Mr. Ben-Natan holds a B.A. in Computer Science from Tel Aviv University.

Neven Haltmayer joined Harmonic in 2002, and was appointed Senior Vice President, Research and Development, in March 2011. Prior to his appointment, Mr. Haltmayer served as Vice President, Research and Development, from 2005 to 2011. From 2002 to 2005, Mr. Haltmayer was Director of Engineering of Compression Systems and managed the development of Harmonic’s MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 encoder and Electra product lines. Between 2001 and 2002, Mr. Haltmayer held various key positions at Canal Plus Technologies, a set-top decoder technology company, including Vice President of Engineering, and was responsible for system integration and development of set top box middleware and interactive applications. Mr. Haltmayer holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Zagreb, Croatia.

Ian Graham joined Harmonic in 2008, and was appointed Senior Vice President, Global Sales and Video Services, in August 2020. From February 2019 to July 2020, Mr. Graham served as Senior Vice President, International Sales and Video services, focusing on Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle East, Africa (EMEA) and Latin America. From January 2017 to February 2019, he was Vice President of Sales for EMEA and Latin America, and from 2008 to 2017, he served as Vice President of Sales for EMEA. Prior to joining Harmonic, Mr. Graham was the Vice President of EMEA Sales at Motorola, Connected Home Solutions. Mr. Graham received a bachelor’s degree in Public Administration from Sheffield Hallam University.

The Company’s executive compensation programs are designed to attract, motivate and retain executives who will contribute significantly to the long-term success of the Company and the enhancement of stockholder value. Consistent with this philosophy, the following goals provide a framework for our executive compensation program:

At our 2022 annual meeting of stockholders, we held a stockholder advisory vote on the compensation of our NEOs, commonly referred to as a “say-on-pay vote.” Our stockholders approved the compensation of our NEOs, with approximately 99% of stockholder votes cast voting in favor of the say-on-pay proposal. As we evaluated our compensation practices and talent needs throughout 2022, we were mindful of the support our stockholders expressed for our philosophy of linking compensation to our financial goals and in support of enhancing stockholder value. As a result, the Compensation Committee decided to retain our general approach with respect to our executive compensation programs, with an emphasis on delivering long-term and short-term incentive compensation that rewards our executives commensurate with the value they deliver to our stockholders.

Our NEOs for 2022 were:

The Compensation Committee is responsible for approval of the Company’s executive compensation policies, compensation paid to executive officers, and administration of the Company’s equity incentive plans. The Compensation Committee currently consists, and during all of 2022 consisted, of Ms. Reaugh and Messrs. Gallagher, Krall and Whalen, none of whom is an employee of the Company, and each of whom is independent under applicable NASDAQ listing standards and Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The charter of the Compensation Committee was adopted by the Board of Directors, and is posted on Harmonic’s website at www.harmonicinc.com.

The Compensation Committee has retained the services of Compensia, Inc. (“Compensia”), an independent compensation consulting firm, to assist the Compensation Committee in the evaluation of appropriate cash and equity compensation for executive management and the Board. Compensia provides no other services to the Company. Compensia makes recommendations to the Compensation Committee on the design and implementation of compensation plans, assists in determining the appropriate number of shares to be used

for equity awards granted under the Company’s equity plans, reviews market and other data and recommendations provided by management, and also reviews specific compensation proposals for each of the Company’s NEOs. Compensia attends all or part of certain Compensation Committee meetings, as requested by the Compensation Committee.

In 2022, the Compensation Committee considered and assessed all relevant factors, including those set forth in Rule 10C-1(b)(4) (i) through (vi) under the Exchange Act, that could give rise to a potential conflict of interest with respect to Compensia’s work. Based on this review, the Compensation Committee is not aware of any conflict of interest that has been raised by the work performed by Compensia.

Our CEO, assisted by our General Counsel and Senior Vice President, Human Resources, works with the Compensation Committee to establish meeting agendas. The CEO makes recommendations to the Compensation Committee with respect to the compensation of other members of executive management and the design and implementation of incentive compensation programs for NEOs. For 2022 executive compensation, these recommendations were based in part on executive compensation market data and market trend reports provided by Compensia to the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee considers the recommendations of management, but is not bound by such recommendations. The CEO does not make recommendations to the Compensation Committee with respect to his own compensation and no member of management is present at any portion of Compensation Committee meetings when his or her compensation is deliberated or decisions are made.

The Compensation Committee has considered whether the Company’s overall compensation program for employees creates incentives for employees to take excessive or unreasonable risks that could materially harm the Company. The Compensation Committee believes that our incentive plans are typical for our industry and market competitive, and that risks arising from our compensation policies and practices for our employees are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company. Several features of our compensation policies for management employees appropriately mitigate such risks, including a mix of long-term and short-term compensation incentives that we believe are properly weighted, the uniformity of compensation policies across the Company, caps on payments from the plans and the use of our business plan, which the Compensation Committee believes sets an appropriate level of risk for the Company, as a baseline for our incentive bonus plan targets. We also believe the Company’s internal legal and financial controls, as well as the Clawback Policy described on page 36 of this Proxy Statement, appropriately mitigate the probability and potential impact of an individual employee committing the Company to inappropriate transactions in exchange for short-term compensation benefits.

In order to achieve the above goals, our total compensation packages for our executive officers include base salary and annual bonus paid in cash, as well as long-term equity compensation, all as described in greater detail below. We also make available benefit plans to our executive officers which are generally provided to all regular full-time employees of Harmonic. We believe that appropriately balancing the total compensation package and ensuring a significant portion of the package is incentive-based is necessary in order to provide market-competitive compensation. We aim to balance of the various components of our compensation program for NEOs in order to motivate executives to improve our results on a cost-effective basis. The factors which are used to determine individual compensation packages are generally similar for each NEO, including our CEO. These may include, as the compensation committee may deem appropriate, factors such as: the role and importance of such individual’s contributions to the Company’s ability to execute on its business strategy and objectives; the responsibilities and nature of the functions performed; tenure, skills, and experience; value of unvested equity awards held by the NEO; internal pay equity; Company performance; historical compensation practices; and competitive labor market pressures.

In order to assess our compensation competitiveness against peer companies in 2022, the Compensation Committee, with input from Compensia, approved a compensation peer group in 2021, which included 20 companies. These peer companies were selected primarily from the telecommunications, video services technology and software industries based principally on revenue (generally from 0.5x to 2.0x our annual revenue) and market capitalization (generally from 0.33x to 3.0x our market capitalization) data that placed Harmonic approximately in the middle of the range, as well as on such companies’ headquarters proximity to Silicon Valley, which is the location of the Company’s headquarters. 16 of the companies in the peer group were the same as the peer companies approved by the Compensation Committee in 2020, and four new companies – Alpha and Omega Semiconductor, Aviat Networks, DZS and VOXX International – were added to the peer group to replace Applied Optoelectronics, Ambarella and MaxLinear (the size of these three companies was beyond peer comparison parameters with respect to market capitalization. Each of the newly added companies fit within most of the peer comparison parameters.

Data prepared by Compensia for the compensation peer group was used by the Compensation Committee to assess the general competitiveness of the 2022 cash and equity compensation, and for the design and implementation of compensation packages and for specific proposals related to the individual elements and total compensation packages for other NEOs, as well as for other employees.

The approved peer group for 2022 consisted of the following companies:

Base salaries for NEOs, including that of the CEO, are set according to the responsibilities of the position, the specific skills and experience of the individual and the competitive market for executive talent. The Compensation Committee reviews salaries annually and adjusts them as appropriate to reflect changes in market conditions, individual performance and responsibilities, and the Company’s financial position. Given that the Company is intended to fit within the middle of the range of the various peer comparison parameters used to set the peer group, when reviewing salaries, the Compensation Committee references the 50^th and 60^th percentile of total cash compensation (base salary and target bonus) of the compensation peer group for purposes of assessing the general competitiveness of total cash compensation of the NEOs, based on position, with the intent that superior performance under incentive bonus plans would enable the executive to elevate total cash compensation to levels that are above the median of comparable companies.

The Company’s annual incentive bonus plans in which NEOs participate reflect the Compensation Committee’s belief that a meaningful component of executive compensation should be contingent on the Company achieving performance targets, thereby introducing a significant element of “pay for performance” and appropriate incentives to produce superior results tied to our business success. Each NEO participated in one annual incentive bonus plan in 2022, as discussed below.

The 2022 salary earned by each NEO as set forth on the Summary Compensation Table on page 37 of this Proxy Statement, and the bonus target opportunity and applicable 2022 incentive bonus plan for each NEO, is set forth below:

For 2022, the Compensation Committee agreed to incentivize performance based on full-year financial and strategic targets established by the committee in February 2022 under three incentive bonus plans (the “Bonus Plans”) for our NEOs. The Bonus Plans provided for mid-year payouts based on year-to-date achievement of the financial and strategic targets.

The Compensation Committee approved the Bonus Plans to focus the NEOs and other incentive plan participants on revenue growth and improved profitability, expanding the Broadband and Video businesses through new customer wins, and spending and expense management. The Compensation Committee believed that the targets for the Bonus Plans were challenging but achievable, based on its review of the Company’s operating plan for 2022 when setting the targets, the experience of the members of the Compensation Committee with respect to the Company’s historical performance, and the business and industry outlook.

The summary tables below set forth the achieved payouts under each of the components of the Bonus Plans, and the resulting earned payout to each of the NEOs under their applicable Bonus Plan, as a percentage of the NEO’s target bonus opportunity for the full year. All amounts earned by the NEOs under the Bonus Plans were paid in cash.

The Compensation Committee established minimum thresholds that had to be met in order for any mid-year and year-end payouts to be made under the Bonus Plans, as well as maximum payout caps for each component of the Bonus Plans, as set forth in the table below.

The Compensation Committee believes that equity compensation is an essential tool to link the long-term interests of stockholders and employees, especially the CEO and executive management, and serves to motivate employees, and particularly executive management, to make decisions that will, in the long run, deliver the best returns to stockholders, thus rewarding excellent long-term performance. Since 2017, the Compensation Committee has granted the Company’s NEOs and other executives a combination of time-based and performance-based RSUs, and has not granted any stock options. The Compensation Committee believes RSUs promote more direct alignment between the interests of our NEOs and those of our stockholders (since the value of RSUs correlates more directly with the value of our stock as compared to stock options) while rewarding our NEOs for stockholder value creation, as well as serve as a useful retention tool through multi-year vesting requirements. Additionally, performance-based RSUs provide enhanced incentive value by rewarding our NEOs for achieving important financial, strategic, or other objectives of the Company, consistent with our pay for performance philosophy.

In 2022, in light of a trend among the Company’s peer group as well as similarly situated publicly-listed technology companies favoring full-value awards, the Compensation Committee decided to continue to focus on granting time-based vesting RSUs and, in select cases, performance-based vesting RSUs to NEOs rather than stock option awards. The Compensation Committee may employ stock option grants in the future, either alone or in combination with RSUs and/or performance-based RSUs.

Time-based Vesting RSUs. The 2022 timed-based RSUs granted to executives and NEOs vest over 3 years subject to their continued service.

TSR Award. In 2022, Messrs. Harshman and Kalra were also awarded performance-based RSUs covering a target number of shares of 164,204 and 22,793, respectively, with vesting based on the total stockholder return (“TSR”) to holders of Company Common Stock during the three-year performance period compared to the TSR of companies in the NASDAQ Telecommunication Index or any successor to that index (the “Index”) at both the beginning and end of the performance period (the “TSR Award”).

Upon vesting, shares are immediately issued and there are no additional time- or service-based conditions associated with the TSR Award or performance-based RSUs, other than the CEO stock ownership guidelines applicable to Mr. Harshman as further described below under “Stock Ownership Guidelines”. The Compensation Committee believes the TSR Awards incentivizes Messrs. Harshman and Kalra and directly aligns these executive’s interests with those of our stockholders’ interests.

Equity Award Determinations. Consistent with past practice, the total equity pool (RSUs and PRSUs) for annual grants to be made to all employees in 2022, including NEOs, was determined principally by reference to industry-specific guidelines published by shareholder advisory firms and, in part, by historical practice. The guidelines generally refer to metrics such as total annual awards as a percentage of shares outstanding and total outstanding awards as a percentage of fully diluted shares. The Compensation Committee, in consultation with the Company’s CEO (except with respect to the CEO’s own compensation), determines the size and material terms of equity awards granted to the NEOs, taking into account the role and responsibility of the NEO, competitive factors including competition for technology executives; peer group data compiled by the Compensation Committee’s compensation consultant, the size and value of long-term equity compensation already held by each executive officer and the vested percentage; the proportion between RSUs, performance-based RSUs and stock options held by each NEO; the total target cash compensation opportunity for each NEO; and individual performance and retention objectives. See “Grant of Plan-based Awards” on page 38 of this proxy statement for a summary of all equity grants made to the NEOs in 2022.

The Compensation Committee approves all equity grants, except for certain grants made to non-executive employees in the ordinary course of business, for which it has delegated authority to the CEO, within parameters approved in advance by the Compensation Committee, pursuant to an employee equity issuance policy (the “Employee Equity Issuance Policy”). The Compensation Committee reviews all grants made pursuant to the Employee Equity Issuance Policy. Initial hire grants of RSUs are made on the second Friday of each month, and any other grants made by the CEO pursuant to authority granted by the Compensation Committee are made on the Friday of the week of such grant. Stock options, if issued, are granted at 100% of the closing price of our stock on the NASDAQ Stock Market on the date of grant.

Initial hire grants that are for executives reporting to the CEO or grants that are above the CEO’s approved range are approved by the Compensation Committee, with the grant date being the day of approval by the Compensation Committee or a later date selected by the Compensation Committee and, if in the form of a stock option, the per share exercise price being the closing price of a share of Common Stock on the NASDAQ Stock Market on the grant date. The initial grants are effective as of the date of grant, with vesting generally beginning on the date of commencement of employment. Annual grants to NEOs and executives are usually made in the first half of the year, and, in 2022, these grants were made in February. This timing enables management and the Compensation Committee to consider performance by both the Company and the individual and balance it against our expectations for the current year.

We do not time the granting of RSUs or stock options with any favorable or unfavorable news released by the Company. The timing of initial grants is driven by the date of hire of our new employees. The Board of Directors and Compensation Committee meeting schedules, for review and approval of annual grants, are usually established several months in advance for the calendar year. Proximity of any awards to an earnings announcement or other market events is coincidental.

The Company does not provide pension benefits or deferred compensation plans to any of its U.S. employees, including NEOs, other than a 401(k) deferred compensation plan which is open to all regular, full-time U.S. employees. The Company has a matching contribution policy for the 401(k) plan, of up to $1,000 a year for each participant, for 2022. For employees resident in non-U.S. jurisdictions, the Company makes required contributions to statutory pension and retirement schemes and, in a few countries, offers supplemental pension benefits in accordance with customary market practices.

Other elements of compensation available to the Company’s NEOs include life and long-term disability insurance and health benefits. These benefits are available to all regular, full-time U.S. employees of the Company on the same basis, and similar benefits are provided to most employees in other countries. In addition, the Company may provide for relocation expenses to recruit key executives living outside the San Francisco Bay Area. Management periodically reviews the level of benefits provided to all employees and adjusts those levels as appropriate. The values of the benefits received by the Company’s NEOs pursuant to these other elements of compensation in 2020, 2021 and 2022 are included in the “All Other Compensation” column in the Summary Compensation Table on page 37 of this Proxy Statement.

The Company does not have employment agreements with any of its present NEOs, other than a standard employment agreement entered into with Mr. Graham in 2008. It has, however, entered into change of control severance agreements (the “Severance Agreements”) with its NEOs. The Severance Agreements are designed to incentivize continuing service to the Company by NEOs in the event that the Company may be in discussions regarding strategic transactions and to provide short-term benefits in the event that a NEO’s position is eliminated or responsibilities or compensation are reduced following a change of control. The Company believes that

these Severance Agreements help to ensure that, if the Board of Directors believes a potential transaction is in the best interests of the Company’s stockholders, its NEOs will remain focused on the consummation of such a potential transaction, without significant distraction or concern regarding their personal circumstances, such as continued employment.

Under the terms of each of the Severance Agreements, if within 18 months following a “change of control” of the Company (in each case, as defined in the relevant Severance Agreement), the NEO experiences an “involuntary termination” without “cause,” and not due to the NEO’s death or disability, then the NEO will receive:

Under the Severance Agreements, “cause” generally means (i) any act of personal dishonesty taken by the NEO in connection with his or her responsibilities as an employee and intended to result in his or her substantial personal enrichment, (ii) the conviction of a felony, (iii) a willful act by the NEO which constitutes gross misconduct and which is injurious to the Company, and (iv) following delivery to the NEO of a written demand for performance from the Company which describes the NEO’s failure to substantially perform his or her duties, continued violations by the NEO of the NEO’s obligations to the Company which are demonstrably willful and deliberate on the NEO’s part.

Under the Severance Agreements, “change of control” generally means (i) any person becomes the beneficial owner of securities of the Company representing 50% or more of the total voting power represented by the Company’s then outstanding voting securities; (ii) a change in our Board composition within a two-year period, as a result of which fewer than a majority of the directors are “incumbent directors” (meaning generally directors who either (A) are directors of the Company as of the date of the Severance Agreement, or (B) are elected, or nominated for election, to the Board with the affirmative votes of at least a majority of the incumbent directors at the time of such election or nomination (but excluding an individual whose election or nomination is in connection with an actual or threatened proxy contest relating to the election of directors to the Company)); (iii) a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other corporation, other than a merger or consolidation which would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent at least 50% of the total voting power represented by the voting securities of the Company or the surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation; or (iv) the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all the Company’s assets.

Under the Severance Agreements, “Involuntary termination” generally means (i) without the NEO’s consent, the significant reduction of duties, authority or responsibilities, or assignment of such reduced duties, authority or responsibilities; (ii) without the NEO’s consent, a substantial reduction, without good business reasons, of the facilities and perquisites (including office space and location) available to the NEO; (iii) a reduction in base salary; (iv) a material reduction in the kind or level of employee benefits, including bonuses, with the result that the overall benefits package is significantly reduced; (v) without the NEO’s consent, relocation to a facility or location more than 25 miles from the then present location; (vi) purported termination which is not effected for disability or for cause, or any purported termination for which the grounds relied upon are not valid; (vii) the failure of the Company to obtain the assumption of the Severance Agreement by any successors contemplated thereunder; or (viii) any act or set of facts or circumstances which would, under California case law or statute, constitute a constructive termination.

In addition, the 2022 TSR Award for each of Messrs. Harshman and Kalra is subject to special treatment on a change of control. See “Equity Compensation Plans – TSR Award” above.

The Company has adopted stock ownership guidelines applicable to its CEO, requiring the CEO to hold any shares issued, after withholding of shares for taxes resulting from the exercise of vested stock options granted in 2017 or later or settlement of vested RSUs granted in 2017 or later, for at least 36 months from the date of RSU settlement or stock option exercise, subject to release from these requirements upon his separation from service with the Company. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee reviews the CEO’s compliance under such guidelines and may grant any waivers or exceptions as it deems reasonably necessary and appropriate.

Under our Insider Trading Policy, we prohibit our employees, including officers, and members of the Board of Directors from engaging in transactions involving pledging or hedging the risk associated with ownership of shares of our Common Stock.

The Company has never restated its financial statements. The Compensation Committee has adopted a Clawback Policy pursuant to which we may seek the recovery of incentive compensation, including equity compensation, paid by the Company to our executive officers. The Clawback Policy provides that if (i) the Company restates its financial statements as a result of a material error; (ii) the amount of incentive compensation that was paid or is payable based on achievement of specific financial results paid would have been less if the financial statements had been correct; (iii) no more than two years have elapsed since the original filing date of the financial statements upon which the incentive compensation was determined; and (iv) the Compensation Committee unanimously concludes, in its sole discretion, that fraud or intentional misconduct by any executive officer(s) caused the material error and it would be in the best interests of the Company to seek from such participant(s) recovery of the excess compensation, then the Compensation Committee may, in its sole discretion, seek from such executive officer(s) repayment to the Company of the applicable incentive compensation.

We intend to adopt a general clawback policy covering our short-term and long-term incentive award plans and arrangements that complies with Exchange Act Rule 10D-1 and NASDAQ listing standards by no later than the date required by such rules.

We have considered the potential future effects of Section 162(m) of the Code on the compensation paid to our NEOs. Section 162(m) disallows a tax deduction for any publicly held corporation for individual compensation exceeding $1.0 million in any taxable year for our CEO and certain other current and former officers of the Company.

While the Compensation Committee considers the deductibility of compensation as a factor in making compensation decisions, the Compensation Committee retains the flexibility to provide compensation that is consistent with our goals for our executive compensation program even if such compensation is not fully tax deductible. The Compensation Committee may make decisions that result in compensation that is not fully deductible under Section 162(m) of the Code.

The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed with management the Compensation Discussion and Analysis contained in this Proxy Statement. Based on the Compensation Committee’s review of, and the discussions with management with respect to, the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, our Compensation Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this Proxy Statement.

Mitzi Reaugh

Patrick Gallagher

David Krall

Dan Whalen

The information contained above under the captions “Report of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors” and “Report of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors on Executive Compensation” shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference to such filing.

The following Summary Compensation Table sets forth summary information concerning the compensation earned by our NEOs, in each case for services to our Company, in all capacities, during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

The following table summarizes certain information regarding non-equity and equity plan-based awards granted by Harmonic to the NEOs in 2022:

The following table summarizes equity awards outstanding as of December 31, 2022 for each of the NEOs.

The following table summarizes (i) the options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2022 by our NEOs and the value realized upon exercise, and (ii) the number of shares of Common Stock acquired by our NEOs, and the value of such shares, upon the vesting of RSUs and performance-based RSUs during the year ended December 31, 2022:

There are no pension or retirement benefit plans for any of the NEOs, other than a 401(k) deferred compensation plan which is available to the NEOs based in the U.S. and all regular, full-time U.S. employees of the Company, with matching Company contributions to the 401(k) plan of up to $1,000 per annum per participant, and with respect to Messrs. Ben-Natan and Graham, pension schemes in Israel and the United Kingdom, respectively, into which the Company is required to make contributions for its employees based in those countries.

The Company does not have employment agreements with any of its NEOs, other than a standard employment agreement entered into with Mr. Graham in 2008. As described in the Compensation Discussion & Analysis above, under the terms of the respective NEO’s Severance Agreement, if within 18 months following a change in control of the Company the NEO experiences an involuntary termination without cause and not due to death or disability, the NEO will be entitled to certain payments. The Company has entered into Severance Agreements with each of the NEOs. Based on a hypothetical termination date of December 31, 2022, the respective amounts paid to the NEOs in the event of termination following a change of control would have been: